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Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all the Safety rules in the lab

A 
Always wear protective eyewear
Closed toe shoes
No loose clothes
long hair tied back
Never put broken glass or metal in trash
Wash your hands thoroughly
Take what you need from a container( Don not return excess to container)
Notify teacher if anything goes wrong
Never leave and experiment unattended
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2
Q

What Does the yellow triangle household hazard symbol mean?

A

Caution

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3
Q

What does the orange Dimond housed hazard symbol mean?

A

Warning

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4
Q

What does the red hexagon household hazard symbol mean?

A

Danger

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5
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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6
Q

What is the one WHMIS symbol with a black circle around it?

A

Biohazard

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7
Q

What is the main shape around most of the WHMIS symbols?

A

a red diamond

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8
Q

What are all the WHMIS symbols? And what do they look like?

A

https://www.google.com/search?q=whmis+2018&rlz=1C1CHBF_enCA983CA983&sxsrf=AOaemvKJUn9dC7XY1dsi9q4xhlO2DdpRjw:1639018667518&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj82NOr3NX0AhXwCjQIHSi-BdoQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1536&bih=913&dpr=1#imgrc=affc5y_HvdAmBM

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9
Q

What is a material safety data sheet

A

A sheet that employers give you when you are going to be working with/around WHMIS chemicals

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10
Q

What does a Material Safety data sheet have on it

A

Melting point
Boiling point
Toxicity

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11
Q

What are the Physical Properties

A 
Boiling, freezing, melting, condensation points
malleability
ductility
color
state
Cristal form
solubility
conductivity
magnetism
Luster
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12
Q

What are the chemical properties?

A 
Ability to burn
reaction with acids
reaction with water
reaction to heat
behavior in air
reaction to litmus paper
flashpoint
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13
Q

Can chemical properties be reversed?

A

usually they are not reversible

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14
Q

What happens in condensation

A

gas becomes liquid

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15
Q

What are the three states of matter

A

Solid, Gas, Liquid

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16
Q

What happens in evaporation

A

Liquids become gas

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17
Q

What happens in sublimation

A

Solid to gas

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18
Q

What happens in deposition

A

Gas to solid

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19
Q

What happens in freezing?

A

Liquid becomes solid

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20
Q

What happens in melting?

A

Solid becomes liquid

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21
Q

What are Physical changes

A

a usually reversible change in the physical properties of a substance, as size or shape:
Freezing a liquid is a physical change.

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22
Q

What are chemical changes

A

a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance:
The formation of rust on iron is a chemical change.
ex produce of gases or change of colour

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23
Q

What is a pure substance

A

Substances that only contain one type of particle that can not be broken down

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24
Q

What is a Homogeneous mixture

A

Mixtures or substances were two or more substance appear to be one

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25
Q

What is a Heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture where separate components are visible

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26
Q

What is a mechanical mixture

Give an example

A

A mixture where you can instantly see the separate components
Ex Trail mix, oil and water

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27
Q

What is a suspension

A

A mixture that you have to leave sit for the components to separate

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28
Q

What is a colloid

A

A mixture that can not be separated easily

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29
Q

What is a mixture

A

When Two or more compounds are mixed together

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30
Q

What is an element

A

A pure substance that makes up everything else in the world

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31
Q

What is a compound

A

Two elements mixed together

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32
Q

What are the key components of food chemistry

A

Heating & Freezing
Salting
Fermentation

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33
Q

What is an obsevation

A

A scientific theory that you have actually seen with your eyes or someone else has seen with their eyes

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34
Q

What is a theory

A

A very educated idea that you believe to be true but have not actually physically seen

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35
Q

Who Created The billiard ball motel

A

John Dalton

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36
Q

What model did John Dalton create

A

Billard ball motel

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37
Q

What were John Daltons Contributing ideas

A

Atoms are tiny invisible particles of elements
All elements are composed of atoms
Atoms of the same element are identical
Atoms combine in fixed ratios

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38
Q

What model did JJ Thomson create

A

Plum pudding model

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39
Q

Who created the plum pudding model

A

JJ Thomson

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40
Q

What were JJ Thomson’s contributing ideas

A

An atom consists of one large positive charge and many small negative charges he called electrons

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41
Q

What model did Ernest Rutherford create

A

Planetary/Nuclear Model

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42
Q

Who created the Planetary/Nuclear model

A

Ernest Rutherford

43
Q

What were Ernest Ruthfords contributing ideas

A

The negative electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun

44
Q

Whos model of an atom do we use to this day

A

Neils Bohr

45
Q

What were neils Bohrs contributing ideas

A

Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in a very specific order or energy levels

46
Q

Who is Chadwick

A

Chadwick is best known for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. A neutron is a particle with no electric charge that, along with positively charged protons, makes up an atom’s nucleus. Bombarding elements with neutrons can succeed in penetrating and splitting nuclei, generating an enormous amount of energy.

47
Q

Who is Jacob Berzelius

A

Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist born on August 20, 1779 – died on August 07, 1848. Berzelius was best known for his determination of atomic weights, chemical notation, isolation and discovery of silicon, selenium, thorium and cerium periodic table elements. He is known as “the Father of Swedish Chemistry”.

48
Q

Quiz on the Periodic Table

A

.

49
Q

Who is Dmitri Mendeleev

A

Russian chemist who developed the periodic classification of the elements. Mendeleev found that, when all the known chemical elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, the resulting table displayed a recurring pattern, or periodicity, of properties within groups of elements

50
Q

What are quality’s of metals

A 
Shiny/Metallic luster
Ductile
Atoms closely packed
Good conductors
Solid at room temp except Mercury 
Malleable
51
Q

What are quality’s of Non- Metals

A

Dull
Are not good conductors
Brittle
Any state at room temp

52
Q

What are quality’s of Metalloids

A

Often brittle solids

Conduct electricity but not as well as metals

53
Q

What are the three things that make up all atoms

A

Protons P+
Neutron N0
Electron E-

54
Q

What are the two things located in the nucleus of an atom

A

Protons and Neutrons

55
Q

What is thing found in the energy levels outside the atom

A

Electrons

56
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons an element has

57
Q

Are atoms charged

A

No they are neutral

58
Q

What is an isotope

A

An atom with a changed amount of neutrons

59
Q

What is the mass number

A

The mass number is the number of protons and Neutrons combined

60
Q

What does the isotope notation look like

A

Mass number————A
Element symbol———– X
Atomic number———Y

61
Q

What is the amu

A

The atomic mass unit is the mass of an element

62
Q

What is an Ion

A

When an element gains or loses electrons

63
Q

What is Ionization

A

The process of atoms becoming ions

64
Q

Why do atoms become ions

A

To be stable (have their outermost energy level full)

65
Q

How do atoms become ions

A

When a metal (positive charge) and a non metal (negative charge) come together and share their elections

66
Q

When an atom is positively charged has it gained or lost electrons?

A

Lost electrons

67
Q

Are Ionic metals positively charged or negatively charged

A

Positively

68
Q

What is a binary ionic compound

A

When two atoms come together and form an ion

ex Chlorine and Sodium would be NaCl

69
Q

How does an Ion get a negative charge

A

By adding electrons

70
Q

In word format, in an ionic compound what happens to the non metal

A

It gets an ide ending

ex chlorine= chloride Nitrogen=Nitride

71
Q

What is the state of all Ionic compounds at room temp

A

Solid

72
Q

What is a cation

A

Positive ion

73
Q

What is an Anion

A

Negative ion

74
Q

What is a multivalent

A

Element with two charges

75
Q

What do Polyatomic ions act like

A

Non metals

76
Q

What charge do all polyatomic ions have besides ammonium

A

Positive

77
Q

Anything that ends with Ate, ite is?

A

A polyatomic Ion

78
Q

What is a polyatomic ion

A

A group of atoms combined together that exist as a single unit with overall electric charge

79
Q

What is univalent

A

An element with only one charge

80
Q

What is a molecular compound

A

Two or more non metal atoms

81
Q

What is a binary molecular compound

A

A connection formed between two non metals

82
Q

What is covalent bond

A

When an atom shares its outermost electrons

83
Q

What does monoatomic mean

A

Single element

84
Q

.

A

.

85
Q

What are the Diatomic elements

A 
I2(g)
Br2(1)
Cl2(g)
F2(g)
02(g)
N2(g)
H2(g)
I Bring Clay For Our New House
86
Q

What are the polyatomic elements

A

P4(s) S8(s)

and FOUR Paving stones for EIGHT Steps

87
Q

What are the Prefixes For molecular compounds

and what do they stand for

A 
Mono 1
Di 2
Tri 3
tetra 4
penta 5
hexa 6
hepta 7
octa 8
ennea(nona) 9
deca 10
88
Q

What are the commen molecular compounds and what are their formulas

A 
Water H20
Hydrogen peroxide H202
ammonia NH3
Sucrose C12H22O11
Methane CH4
propane C3H8
methonal CH3OH
ethonal C2H5OH
Glucose C6H12O6
89
Q

What do all commen molecular compounds have in them

A

Hydrogen

90
Q

What are the materials at the start of a chemical equation called?

A

reactants

91
Q

What are materials at the end of a chemical equation called?

A

products

92
Q

What does the chemical reaction of metal + oxygen cause

A

Corrosion

93
Q

what is corrosion caused by?

A

the mix of metal + Oxygen

94
Q

what does hydro carbon + oxygen make?

A

combustion

95
Q

how is combustion caused?

A

the mix of oxygen + hydro carbon

96
Q

What does Glucose + oxygen create

A 
Cellular respiration (ATP) 
cellular respiration is just water vapor and carbon dioxide
97
Q

how is cellular respireration caused

A

the mix of oxygen + glucose

98
Q

What does exothermic mean

A

heat energy being released or produced

99
Q

what does endothermic mean

A

heat energy being absorbed

100
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass

A

If you were balancing a chemical equation the mass of both sides of the equation have to be equal along with the atoms

101
Q

What are the four factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction

A
  • presence of a catalyst
  • concentration of reactants
  • temperature of reactants
  • surface area of reactants
102
Q

What does increasing temperature, surface area, or concentration of a reactant do?

A

Speeds the reaction up

103
Q

What happens if a catalyst is present in a reaction

A

the reaction speeds up

104
Q

What are the steps for balancing chemical equations

A

1) Determine the correct chemical formula for all
reactants and products.
-check for diatomic molecules.
-check for polyatomic ions.
ONLY DO THIS step IF YOU ARE TURING THE EQATION FROM WORD TO FORMULA
-indicate correct state of compounds. (s, l, g, aq)

2) Balance metals
3) Balance nonmetals
4) Balance oxygen IF THERE IS OXYGEN OR HYDROGEN IN THE EQATIONS START DO IT FIRST
5) Balance hydrogen
6) Recount all atoms

7)If every coefficient will reduce, rewrite the whole
equation using the simplest ratio of coefficients.

Science (2 decks)

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