Chemistry

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Any substance that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What are atoms?

Answer 2

the smallest complete unit of matter

Question 3

What is a molecule?

Answer 3

a bonded combination of at least two atoms

Question 4

What are the three components of an atom?

Answer 4

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 5

What are the two properties that we use to categorize elements?

Answer 5

physical and chemical properties

Question 6

Name an example of a elemental physical property.

Answer 6

Options: Color, size, density, malleability, magnetism, solubility

Question 7

What is a chemical property?

Answer 7

When the inherent structure of an element changes (seen in physical properties!)

Question 8

What is the principle of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 8

The amount of a substance at the start of a reaction = the amount of that substance after the reaction.

Question 9

What are the three primary states of matter?

Answer 9

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 10

Who created the Periodic Table?

Answer 10

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Question 11

What is the one or two-letter abbreviation of an element’s name called?

Answer 11

its chemical symbol

Question 12

What do we call the number that indicates the number protons (and electrons)?

Answer 12

The atomic number

Question 13

What do we call the average weight of an element’s atoms?

Answer 13

The atomic mass

Question 14

What is the outer layer of electrons called: the ________ electrons

Answer 14

valence

Question 15

Where in an atom does all atomic bonding take place?

Answer 15

in the valence shell

Question 16

What are the two primary types of atomic bond that form molecules?

Answer 16

covalent and ionic bonds

Question 17

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

Answer 17

polar and nonpolar

Question 18

What is the octet rule?

Answer 18

Most atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 19

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 19

When atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 20

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 20

When one atom donates an electron to another atom to complete its valence shell; the “giver” atom becomes positive, the “receiver” becomes negative, and the two atoms bond together.

Question 21

What are Lewis Dot Structures?

Answer 21

A simple visual representation of how atoms are bonded together into molecules

Question 22

What is the difference between an acid and a base?

Answer 22

An acid likes to donate protons, a base likes to absorb protons

Question 23

Would a solution with a pH level of 1 be a strong acid or a strong base?

Answer 23

a strong acid

Question 24

Would a solution with a pH level of 7 be a strong acid or a strong base?

Answer 24

Neither. 7 is neutral on the pH scale (like water)

Question 25

Would a solution with a pH level of 14 be a strong acid or a strong base?

Answer 25

a strong base

Question 26

What quality of a solution does the pH scale measure?

Answer 26

the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.

Question 27

What's the relationship between the amount of protons (H+) in a solution and its number on the pH scale?

Answer 27

It's inverted; High amounts = low pH (acid), Low amounts=high pH (base)

Question 28

What is a solvent?

Answer 28

it is the liquid ingredient in a solution

Question 29

What is a solute?

Answer 29

it is the substance added to the solution

Question 30

What is Avogadro's Number (the mole)?

Answer 30

6.022 x 10 to the 23rd power

Question 31

How do you calculate molar mass of an atom?

Answer 31

Find the atom's atomic mass on the periodic table. The molar mass = the atomic mass, written in grams/mole

Question 32

What's the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

Answer 32

Figure out how many atoms of each element you have on both sides of the equation

Question 33

How would you change about this equation? H2 + O2 --> H2O

Answer 33

First, you add up the atoms on each side. Then you adjust the coefficients (the numbers in FRONT) of each atom or molecule until each side has the same amount. 2H2 + O2 ---> 2H2O

Question 34

What is fire?

Answer 34

an impure or incomplete combustion reaction

Question 35

What causes fire to glow?

Answer 35

The energy of the reaction excites the electrons of the burning material. In order to get back to their unexcited state, they emit some energy in the form of light

Question 36

What is the name for light energy from excited electrons dropping back to their normal state?

Answer 36

Blackbody radiation