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2021 7th/8th Grade Science Flashcards > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Any substance that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

What are atoms?

A

the smallest complete unit of matter

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3
Q

What is a molecule?

A

a bonded combination of at least two atoms

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4
Q

What are the three components of an atom?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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5
Q

What are the two properties that we use to categorize elements?

A

physical and chemical properties

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6
Q

Name an example of a elemental physical property.

A

Options: Color, size, density, malleability, magnetism, solubility

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7
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

When the inherent structure of an element changes (seen in physical properties!)

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8
Q

What is the principle of Conservation of Mass?

A

The amount of a substance at the start of a reaction = the amount of that substance after the reaction.

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9
Q

What are the three primary states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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10
Q

Who created the Periodic Table?

A

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

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11
Q

What is the one or two-letter abbreviation of an element’s name called?

A

its chemical symbol

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12
Q

What do we call the number that indicates the number protons (and electrons)?

A

The atomic number

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13
Q

What do we call the average weight of an element’s atoms?

A

The atomic mass

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14
Q

What is the outer layer of electrons called: the ________ electrons

A

valence

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15
Q

Where in an atom does all atomic bonding take place?

A

in the valence shell

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16
Q

What are the two primary types of atomic bond that form molecules?

A

covalent and ionic bonds

17
Q

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

A

polar and nonpolar

18
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Most atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

19
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When atoms share a pair of electrons

20
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

When one atom donates an electron to another atom to complete its valence shell; the “giver” atom becomes positive, the “receiver” becomes negative, and the two atoms bond together.

21
Q

What are Lewis Dot Structures?

A

A simple visual representation of how atoms are bonded together into molecules

22
Q

What is the difference between an acid and a base?

A

An acid likes to donate protons, a base likes to absorb protons

23
Q

Would a solution with a pH level of 1 be a strong acid or a strong base?

A

a strong acid

24
Q

Would a solution with a pH level of 7 be a strong acid or a strong base?

A

Neither. 7 is neutral on the pH scale (like water)

25
Q

Would a solution with a pH level of 14 be a strong acid or a strong base?

A

a strong base

26
Q

What quality of a solution does the pH scale measure?

A

the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.

27
Q

What’s the relationship between the amount of protons (H+) in a solution and its number on the pH scale?

A

It’s inverted; High amounts = low pH (acid), Low amounts=high pH (base)

28
Q

What is a solvent?

A

it is the liquid ingredient in a solution

29
Q

What is a solute?

A

it is the substance added to the solution

30
Q

What is Avogadro’s Number (the mole)?

A

6.022 x 10 to the 23rd power

31
Q

How do you calculate molar mass of an atom?

A

Find the atom’s atomic mass on the periodic table. The molar mass = the atomic mass, written in grams/mole

32
Q

What’s the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

A

Figure out how many atoms of each element you have on both sides of the equation

33
Q

How would you change about this equation? H2 + O2 –> H2O

A

First, you add up the atoms on each side. Then you adjust the coefficients (the numbers in FRONT) of each atom or molecule until each side has the same amount.
2H2 + O2 —> 2H2O

34
Q

What is fire?

A

an impure or incomplete combustion reaction

35
Q

What causes fire to glow?

A

The energy of the reaction excites the electrons of the burning material. In order to get back to their unexcited state, they emit some energy in the form of light

36
Q

What is the name for light energy from excited electrons dropping back to their normal state?

A

Blackbody radiation

2021 7th/8th Grade Science Flashcards (5 decks)

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