Chemistry 101

Question 1

What is an Alkane?

Answer 1

has only C-C single bonds and no functional group

Question 2

what is an Alkene?

Answer 2

has a C-C double bond as their functional group

Question 3

what is an Alkyne?

Answer 3

has a C-C triple bond as their functional group

Question 4

what is an aromatic compound?

Answer 4

contains a benzene ring, a six- membered ring with three double bonds.

Question 5

what is an Alkyl halide?

Answer 5

a compound with the general structure R-X that contains a halogen atom (X=F, Cl, Br, or I) bonded to a tetrahedral carbon.

Question 6

what is an Ether?

Answer 6

a compound that has two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom; general structure ROR.

Question 7

what is an Amine?

Answer 7

an organic compound that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three alkyl groups; general structure RNH2, R2NH, or R3N.

Question 8

what is a Thiol?

Answer 8

a compound that contains a sulfhydryl group (SH group) bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom; general structure RSH.

Question 9

what is an Alcohol?

Answer 9

a compound containing a hydroxyl group (OH) bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom; general formula ROH.

Question 10

what is an Aldehyde?

Answer 10

a compound that has a hydrogen atom bonded directly to a carbonyl carbon; general formula RCHO.

Question 11

what is an Ketone?

Answer 11

a compound that has two alkyl groups bonded to the carbonyl group; general structure RCOR.

Question 12

what is a Carboxylic acid?

Answer 12

a compound that contains an OH group bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon; general structure RCOOH or RCO2H.

Question 13

what is a Carbonyl group?

Answer 13

a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O)

Question 14

what is an Ester?

Answer 14

a compound that contains an alkoxyl group (OR) bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon; general structure RCOOR.

Question 15

what is an Amide?

Answer 15

a compound that contains a nitrogen atom bonded directly to a carbonyl carbon; general structure RCONR’2 where R’=H or alkyl.

Question 16

what is the difference between an amine and an amide?

Answer 16

an amine contains a N atom but no C=O. An amide contains a N atom bonded directly to a C=O.

Question 17

linear

Answer 17

2 atoms, 0 lone pairs, 180°

Question 18

trigonal planar

Answer 18

3 atoms, 0 lone pairs, 120°

Question 19

tetrahedral

Answer 19

4 atoms, 0 lone pairs, 109.5°

Question 20

trigonal pyramidal

Answer 20

3 atoms, 1 lone pair, ~109.5°

Question 21

bent

Answer 21

2 atoms, 2 lone pairs, ~109.5°

Question 22

what is a primary carbon? (1° C)

Answer 22

bonded to ONE other C’s

Question 23

what is a secondary carbon? (2° C)

Answer 23

bonded to TWO other C’s

Question 24

what is a tertiary carbon? (3° C)

Answer 24

bonded to THREE other C’s

Question 25

what is a quaternary carbon? (4° C)

Answer 25

bonded to FOUR other C's