Chemistry 1

Question 1

What does Z represent?

Answer 1

the atomic number, i.e., the number of protons.

Tells you what atom it is.

Question 2

What does A represent?

Answer 2

Mass Number, i.e., the number of protons + neutrons
Only takes into account protons and neutrons because the total mass does not really depend on electrons, because they are 1/2000 the size of a proton.

Question 3

How many electrons are held in s, p, d, and f orbitals?

Answer 3

2, 6, 10, 14

Question 4

Describe the following trends as you go across or down the periodic table:
Electron Affinity
Electronegativity
Ionization Energy
Atomic Radius
Metallic Character

Answer 4

Electron Affinity- Increase Across, Decrease Down
Electronegativity- Increase Across, Decrease Down
Ionization Energy- Increase Across, Decrease Down
Atomic Radius- Decrease Across, Increase Down
Metallic Character- Decrease Across, Increase Down

Question 5

Describe the type of decay:

1) Alpha Decay

Answer 5

Alpha decay is the loss of a Helium nucleus, which is two protons and two neutrons.
Mass number decreases by four and atomic number decreases by 2.

Question 6

Describe the type of decay:

2) Beta Decay

Answer 6

Beta Decay is the ejection of an electron.
A neutron ejects a beta particle (electron) and is thus changed into a proton.
Mass number stays the same and Atomic number increases by one.

Question 7

Describe the type of decay:

3) Electron Capture

Answer 7

Electron Capture
An electron is captured into the nucleus and a proton turns into a neutron.
Mass number stays the same and Atomic number decreases by one.

Question 8

Describe the type of decay:

4) Positron Decay

Answer 8

Positron Decay
A proton emits a positron which changes is charge to neutral. A proton is changed into a neutron.
Mass number stays the same and Atomic number decreases by one.

Question 9

Describe the type of decay:

5) Gamma Emission

Answer 9

Gamma Decay
Gamma ray is emitted, often as a byproduct of other types of decay but it does not have a mass or change the mass/atomic number.

Question 10

Energy is ____ when a bond is broken.

Energy is ____ when a bond is formed.

Answer 10

Energy is REQUIRED to break a bond.

Energy is always RELEASED when a bond is formed.

Question 11

Nitrate

Answer 11

NO3-

Question 12

Nitrite

Answer 12

NO2-

Question 13

Chlorate

Answer 13

ClO3-

Question 14

Chlorite

Answer 14

ClO2-

Question 15

Perchlorate

Answer 15

ClO4-

Question 16

hypochlorite

Answer 16

ClO-

Question 17

Carbonate

Answer 17

CO3(2-)

Question 18

Bicarbonate

Answer 18

HCO3-

Question 19

Sulfate

Answer 19

SO4(2-)

Question 20

Phosphate

Answer 20

PO4(3-)

Question 21

Manganate

Answer 21

MnO4(2-)

Question 22

Permanganate

Answer 22

MnO4(-)