Chemistry 1 Flashcards
How many electrons are allowed in each shell?
1st shell: 2, 2nd shell: 8, 3rd shell: 8
What are the elements in group 0 called?
The noble gases
Which number tells you the total number of protons and neutrons?
The mass number
What does the atomic number tell you?
The number of protons
How do you work out the number of neutrons?
Mass number - atomic number
What is a protons charge?
+1
What are charged atoms called?
ions
What is the word equation for making calcium hydroxide?
calcium + water = calcium hydroxide
What is calcium hydroxide used for?
to neutralize soil
How else can you find the mass number?
round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number
Give three reasons why it’s good to recycle metals
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions, aluminum and steel can be recycled over and over again, decreases environmental damage caused by mining
What is the name of the method where plants are used to extract metals from soil?
Phythomining
List two ways of reducing acid rain
produce energy without fossil fuels and use renewable energy
What’s the general formula for an alkane?
Cn H2n+2
Give three properties of metal
Strong, good conductors of heat, good conductors of electricity
State two problems with metals
Some corrode when exposed to air, metal fatuige
Name three pollutants released into the atmosphere when fuels are burnt.
Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides
Give an example of two different alloys
Bronze, Cupronikel
What’s the definition of an ore?
a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal l can be extracted profitably.
Why is aluminum an expensive metal?
because of the amount of electricity used up in the extraction process.
What is limestone formed from?
shells and skeletons of marine animals
Give 2 qualities of transition metals.
good conductors of heat, and can be hammered into shape
Which 3 metals are too soft for many uses?
pure aluminum, gold and copper
Give 2 qualities of aluminum and titanium.
Low density and resistant to corrosion
What do compounds formed fro metals and non metals consist of?
ions
What do compounds formed from non-metals consist of?
Molecules
What do elements in the same group have in common?
Similar chemical properties
How are positive ions formed?
Their formed by metals losing electrons
What are the molecules in atoms held together by?
Covalent bonds
What the two main gasses in the earths atmosphere? what are their percentages?
80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen
What do un-saturated vegetable oils contain?
double bonds
If an element is in the same group as another what is the same about them?
The number of electrons in their outer shells.
Metal + Water =
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What are cations?
Atoms that lose electrons and have a positive charge
How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted?
By reduction with carbon
What are anions?
Atoms that gain electrons and have a negative charge
Sand + gravel
= Concrete
Cement + sand
= mortar
Limestone heated with clay
= cement
name 2 properties of the transition metals.
good conductors of heat and electricity, can be hammered of bent into shape easily
