Chemisrty Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Everything that occupies space and has mass is called…
A
Matter
2
Q
The basic unit of chemistry is the ____________
A
Atom
3
Q
The subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus are ______________ and _______________
A
Protons and Neutrons
4
Q
Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses are called _____________
A
Isotopes
5
Q
The atomic number is equal to the number of _________
A
Protons
6
Q
The atomic mass is equal to the number of
_____________ plus _______________
A
Protons + Neutrons
7
Q
What is the charge of an electon
A
Negative
8
Q
What is the charge of a neutrol
A
Neutral
9
Q
If the atomic number is 15 and the atomic mass is 23, what is the number of electrons
A
15
10
Q
If the atom has 13 electrons, how many will be valence electrons
A
3
11
Q
Two or more atoms are bonded together is called ________
A
Molecule
12
Q
If an atom gains an electron, it becomes a/an
A
Anion
13
Q
A polar covalent bond is created when electrons are shared ________
A
Unequally
14
Q
Is water polar or non polar molecule
A
Polar
15
Q
A/an __________ bond is created when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
A
Ionic
16
Q
Which element is always present in organic molecules
A
Carbon
17
Q
The pH range is between
A
0 - 14
18
Q
What is the pH of an acid
A
Below 7
19
Q
What type of ions are more prevalent in alkaline solutions?
A
Hydroxyl (OH-)
20
Q
A protein that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called a/an _________
A
Enzyme
21
Q
Enzymes are used up in the chemical reaction T or F
A
False
22
Q
A weak acid or weak base that helps to maintain the appropriate pH levels is a _________
A
Buffer
23
Q
What kind of reaction absorbs energy?
A
Endothermic
24
Q
What kind of reaction releases energy?
A
Exothermic
25
Monosaccharides are joined together to form a larger carbohydrate by what kind of process?
Dehydration synthesis
26
The basic building block of nucleic acids are called ___________
Nucleotides
27
A single stranded nucleic acid is called
RNA
28
What molecule contains deoxyribose sugars
DNA
29
What are the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
30
A molecule composed of a glycerol attached to three fatty acids is a
Triglyceride
31
What is the charge of a cation
Positive
32
Organic molecules contain
Carbon
33
What are the 4 categories of macromolecules found within living things
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
34
Carbohydrates are composed of (3 things)
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
35
Two monosaccharides can join together by the removal of water, this process is called
Dehydration synthesis
36
What type of molecule serves as a short term energy source
Carbohydrates
37
What type of molecule serves as a long term energy source
Lipids
38
Complex carbohydrates formed by a chain of monosaccharides are called polysaccharides.
Name two found in plants:
Name one found in animals:
Plants:
Starch and cellulose
Animals:
Glycogen
39
A hydrophobic molecule that is commonly known as fats
Lipids
40
A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol unit attached to 3
Fatty acids
41
What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?
Saturated fats: solid @ room temp, straight molecule, fit closely together, carbon atoms each bonded with 2 hydrogen atoms, clog arteries
Unsaturated fats: liquid @ room temp, crooked molecule due to double bonds, loosely fit together
42
A ________ is composed of a glycerol unit attached two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Phospholipid
43
Phospholipids are an important structure found in the _______________ of all cells
Outer membrane
44
Proteins are composed of smaller units called
Amino acids
45
What type of bond holds protein units together
Peptide bond
46
If water is added and it splits these units apart, this process is called
Hydrolysis
47
Amino acids that can not be manufactured by the body, must be derived from the diet. These are known as __________ amino acids
Essential
48
Proteins are important in many ways. Name three types of proteins found in the body
Structural, enzymes, receptors, hormonal, storage, transport, contractile, defensive, antibodies
49
Nucleic acids make up the _________ code
Genetic
50
The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is called
Deoxyribose
51
The 5 carbon sugar found in RNA is called
Ribose
52
In DNA, guanine bonds to ___________ and adenine bonds to _________
Cytosine, thymine
53
In RNA ________ instead of thymine
Uracil
54
A _______________ consists of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base
Nucleotide
55
Three nucleotides code for a single
Amino acid
56
What is the normal ph range of blood for a dog
7.35 to 7.45
57
If ph falls below 7 what occurs
Acidosis
58
If the pH rises above 7 what occurs
Alkalosis
59
Buffers help to keep the pH within the normal range, biological buffer system are composed of a ______ acid and a ________ base
Weak acid and a weak base
60
Special proteins that act as a catalysts are called
Enzymes
61
The function of enzyme proteins can be blocked by
Inhibitors
62
Enzyme proteins function when they bind to a specific what
Substrate
63
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + 02 --------> H20 + C02 + 38 ATPs
64
A molecule that releases more H+ ions when it dissociates in water is a/an
Acid
65
A molecule that releases more 0H- ions when it dissociates in water is a/an
Base
66
The smallest nit that retains the properties of a given element is called a/an
Atom
67
Name the 3 subatomic particles. What is the charge of each? What is the mass of each?
Proton - positive- 1 mass unit
Neutron - neutral- 1 mass unit
Electron - negative - insignificant
68
All atoms of a given element have the same atomic number. This is determined by the number of ______
Protons
69
The atomic weight/ mass of an element is the sum of
Protons + Neutrons
70
If two atoms have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons, they are called
Isotopes
71
Which electrons participate in chemical bonding
Valence electrons
72
What is a charged atom called
Ion
73
What is a positively charged ion called
Cation
74
What is a negatively charged ion called
Anion
75
In what type of bonding are electrons transferred or taken
Ionic bonds
76
In what type of bonding are electrons shared equally
Non-polar covalent bond
77
In what type of bond are electrons shared unequally
Polar covalent bond
78
What defines an organic compound
Carbon
79
What is an example of organic compounds
Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
80
What are some examples of inorganic compounds
Water H2O, carbon dioxide CO2, salts,
81
When placed in water, what ions do acids release? Bases?
Acids: H+
Bases: OH-
82
What numbers are at either end of the pH scale
0
| 14
83
What number is most acidic
0
84
What number is most basic
14
85
If a pH is very low, is the number of hydrogen ions low or high? Is the number of hydroxyl ions low or high?
High, Low
86
In our bodies, a blood pH of 7.4 is needed to maintain life. If the pH is lower than 6.8 we die. The condition where our blood pH is between 6.8 and 7.4 is called
Acidosis
87
What do buffers do?
Maintains normal pH range
88
What is a buffer system composed of
Weak acid and weak base
89
What is the building bock of a carbohydrate?
What is a 2 unit carbohydrate molecule?
What is a many unit molecule?
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
90
What is a triglyceride made of
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
91
What do we call a fatty acid that has one or more double bonds
Unsaturated
92
What are the building blocks or a protein?
| What determines the unique characteristics of each unit?
Amino acid
| R group
93
What is the chemical reaction when we build a larger sugar (or protein) of a molecule from smaller units
Dehydration synthesis
94
What is the chemical reaction called when we break down the larger molecules
Hydrolysis
95
Name two nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
96
What are the basic units of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
97
What are the 4 nitrogenous base pairs for DNA
AT
| CG
98
What are the 4 nitrogenous base pairs for RNA
AU
| CG
