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VT6 > Chemisrty Exam > Flashcards

Chemisrty Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Everything that occupies space and has mass is called…

A

Matter

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2
Q

The basic unit of chemistry is the ____________

A

Atom

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3
Q

The subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus are ______________ and _______________

A

Protons and Neutrons

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4
Q

Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses are called _____________

A

Isotopes

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5
Q

The atomic number is equal to the number of _________

A

Protons

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6
Q

The atomic mass is equal to the number of

_____________ plus _______________

A

Protons + Neutrons

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7
Q

What is the charge of an electon

A

Negative

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8
Q

What is the charge of a neutrol

A

Neutral

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9
Q

If the atomic number is 15 and the atomic mass is 23, what is the number of electrons

A

15

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10
Q

If the atom has 13 electrons, how many will be valence electrons

A

3

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11
Q

Two or more atoms are bonded together is called ________

A

Molecule

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12
Q

If an atom gains an electron, it becomes a/an

A

Anion

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13
Q

A polar covalent bond is created when electrons are shared ________

A

Unequally

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14
Q

Is water polar or non polar molecule

A

Polar

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15
Q

A/an __________ bond is created when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

A

Ionic

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16
Q

Which element is always present in organic molecules

A

Carbon

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17
Q

The pH range is between

A

0 - 14

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18
Q

What is the pH of an acid

A

Below 7

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19
Q

What type of ions are more prevalent in alkaline solutions?

A

Hydroxyl (OH-)

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20
Q

A protein that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called a/an _________

A

Enzyme

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21
Q

Enzymes are used up in the chemical reaction T or F

A

False

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22
Q

A weak acid or weak base that helps to maintain the appropriate pH levels is a _________

A

Buffer

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23
Q

What kind of reaction absorbs energy?

A

Endothermic

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24
Q

What kind of reaction releases energy?

A

Exothermic

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25
Q

Monosaccharides are joined together to form a larger carbohydrate by what kind of process?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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26
Q

The basic building block of nucleic acids are called ___________

A

Nucleotides

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27
Q

A single stranded nucleic acid is called

A

RNA

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28
Q

What molecule contains deoxyribose sugars

A

DNA

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29
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

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30
Q

A molecule composed of a glycerol attached to three fatty acids is a

A

Triglyceride

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31
Q

What is the charge of a cation

A

Positive

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32
Q

Organic molecules contain

A

Carbon

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33
Q

What are the 4 categories of macromolecules found within living things

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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34
Q

Carbohydrates are composed of (3 things)

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

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35
Q

Two monosaccharides can join together by the removal of water, this process is called

A

Dehydration synthesis

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36
Q

What type of molecule serves as a short term energy source

A

Carbohydrates

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37
Q

What type of molecule serves as a long term energy source

A

Lipids

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38
Q

Complex carbohydrates formed by a chain of monosaccharides are called polysaccharides.
Name two found in plants:
Name one found in animals:

A

Plants:
Starch and cellulose

Animals:
Glycogen

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39
Q

A hydrophobic molecule that is commonly known as fats

A

Lipids

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40
Q

A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol unit attached to 3

A

Fatty acids

41
Q

What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?

A

Saturated fats: solid @ room temp, straight molecule, fit closely together, carbon atoms each bonded with 2 hydrogen atoms, clog arteries

Unsaturated fats: liquid @ room temp, crooked molecule due to double bonds, loosely fit together

42
Q

A ________ is composed of a glycerol unit attached two fatty acids and a phosphate group

A

Phospholipid

43
Q

Phospholipids are an important structure found in the _______________ of all cells

A

Outer membrane

44
Q

Proteins are composed of smaller units called

A

Amino acids

45
Q

What type of bond holds protein units together

A

Peptide bond

46
Q

If water is added and it splits these units apart, this process is called

A

Hydrolysis

47
Q

Amino acids that can not be manufactured by the body, must be derived from the diet. These are known as __________ amino acids

A

Essential

48
Q

Proteins are important in many ways. Name three types of proteins found in the body

A

Structural, enzymes, receptors, hormonal, storage, transport, contractile, defensive, antibodies

49
Q

Nucleic acids make up the _________ code

A

Genetic

50
Q

The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is called

A

Deoxyribose

51
Q

The 5 carbon sugar found in RNA is called

A

Ribose

52
Q

In DNA, guanine bonds to ___________ and adenine bonds to _________

A

Cytosine, thymine

53
Q

In RNA ________ instead of thymine

A

Uracil

54
Q

A _______________ consists of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

A

Nucleotide

55
Q

Three nucleotides code for a single

A

Amino acid

56
Q

What is the normal ph range of blood for a dog

A

7.35 to 7.45

57
Q

If ph falls below 7 what occurs

A

Acidosis

58
Q

If the pH rises above 7 what occurs

A

Alkalosis

59
Q

Buffers help to keep the pH within the normal range, biological buffer system are composed of a ______ acid and a ________ base

A

Weak acid and a weak base

60
Q

Special proteins that act as a catalysts are called

A

Enzymes

61
Q

The function of enzyme proteins can be blocked by

A

Inhibitors

62
Q

Enzyme proteins function when they bind to a specific what

A

Substrate

63
Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + 02 ——–> H20 + C02 + 38 ATPs

64
Q

A molecule that releases more H+ ions when it dissociates in water is a/an

A

Acid

65
Q

A molecule that releases more 0H- ions when it dissociates in water is a/an

A

Base

66
Q

The smallest nit that retains the properties of a given element is called a/an

A

Atom

67
Q

Name the 3 subatomic particles. What is the charge of each? What is the mass of each?

A

Proton - positive- 1 mass unit
Neutron - neutral- 1 mass unit
Electron - negative - insignificant

68
Q

All atoms of a given element have the same atomic number. This is determined by the number of ______

A

Protons

69
Q

The atomic weight/ mass of an element is the sum of

A

Protons + Neutrons

70
Q

If two atoms have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons, they are called

A

Isotopes

71
Q

Which electrons participate in chemical bonding

A

Valence electrons

72
Q

What is a charged atom called

A

Ion

73
Q

What is a positively charged ion called

A

Cation

74
Q

What is a negatively charged ion called

A

Anion

75
Q

In what type of bonding are electrons transferred or taken

A

Ionic bonds

76
Q

In what type of bonding are electrons shared equally

A

Non-polar covalent bond

77
Q

In what type of bond are electrons shared unequally

A

Polar covalent bond

78
Q

What defines an organic compound

A

Carbon

79
Q

What is an example of organic compounds

A

Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

80
Q

What are some examples of inorganic compounds

A

Water H2O, carbon dioxide CO2, salts,

81
Q

When placed in water, what ions do acids release? Bases?

A

Acids: H+
Bases: OH-

82
Q

What numbers are at either end of the pH scale

A

0

14

83
Q

What number is most acidic

A

0

84
Q

What number is most basic

A

14

85
Q

If a pH is very low, is the number of hydrogen ions low or high? Is the number of hydroxyl ions low or high?

A

High, Low

86
Q

In our bodies, a blood pH of 7.4 is needed to maintain life. If the pH is lower than 6.8 we die. The condition where our blood pH is between 6.8 and 7.4 is called

A

Acidosis

87
Q

What do buffers do?

A

Maintains normal pH range

88
Q

What is a buffer system composed of

A

Weak acid and weak base

89
Q

What is the building bock of a carbohydrate?
What is a 2 unit carbohydrate molecule?
What is a many unit molecule?

A

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

90
Q

What is a triglyceride made of

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

91
Q

What do we call a fatty acid that has one or more double bonds

A

Unsaturated

92
Q

What are the building blocks or a protein?

What determines the unique characteristics of each unit?

A

Amino acid

R group

93
Q

What is the chemical reaction when we build a larger sugar (or protein) of a molecule from smaller units

A

Dehydration synthesis

94
Q

What is the chemical reaction called when we break down the larger molecules

A

Hydrolysis

95
Q

Name two nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA

96
Q

What are the basic units of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

97
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous base pairs for DNA

A

AT

CG

98
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous base pairs for RNA

A

AU

CG

VT6 (3 decks)

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