chemie latky Flashcards

1
Q

chlorid sodný

A

NaCl
-krystalicka bezbarva a dobre rozpustna ve vode
-v prirode jako sul kamenna (halit)
-vyuziti: kuchynska sul(dochucovadlo a konzervant), soleni selnic v zime

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2
Q

fluorid vapenaty

A

CaF2
-v prirode jako nerost kazivec
-bila krystalicka latka
-pouziva se k vyrobe HF kyseliny fluorovodikove

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3
Q

bromid stribrny

A

AgBr
-zluta krystalicka latka
-nerozpustna ve vode
-vyuziva se ve fotografickem prumyslu

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4
Q

kydelina chlorovodikova

A

HCl
-bezbarva tekava kapalina (vyparuje se)
-drazdi kuzi a sliznici
-vyuziti: traveni,prumyslova vyroba, gumarensky prumysl, vinyl

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5
Q

kyselina sirova🧀

A

H2SO4
-bezbarva olejovita kapalina
-silna ziravina
-nejvyznamejsi kyselina
-vyuziti: baterie, vybusniny👳🏽‍♀️, tezba a zpracovani nekterych rud

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6
Q

kys. dusicna

A

HNO3
-nestala(na svetle proto se uchovava v tmavych🧑🏿 nadobach)
-bezbarva kapalina
-silna ziravina
-za nějakých podmínek zluta az hnedocervena
-rozklademm vznika oxid dusicny
-vyuziti:hnojivo💩, barviva, vybusniny, lecivo

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7
Q

lucavka kralovska

A

-vyrabi se z HCl a HNO3
-pomer (HCl)3 : 1(HNO3)
-rozpousti vzacne kovy

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8
Q

kyselina fosforecna

A

H3PO4
-trihydrogen
-bezbarva kapalina
-siurp (konzistence kapaliny)
-zdravi skodliva (nam nam)
-vyuziti:hnojiva, leciva, vybusniny
-slouceniny v lidskem organismu

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9
Q

hydroxidy

A

-ve vode rozpustne (stane se z nich ziravina)

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10
Q

hydroxid sodný

A

NaOH
-bily pevny rozpustny ve vode
-hydroskopicky (pohlcuje vodu)
-ziraviny v kapalnem stavu
-vyuziti: cisteni odpadu a trubek,textilni prumysl a hutnictvi

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11
Q

hydroxid draselny

A

KOH
-bily pevny rozpustny ve vode
-hydroskopicky (pohlcuje vodu)
-ziraviny v kapalnem stavu
-vyuziti: pri vyrobe slazenych napoju, pri vyrobe kakaa, cokolady

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11
Q

hydroxid vapenaty

A

Ca(OH)2
-pevna bila latka
-trochu rozpustna ve vode
-ziravina
-vyuziti: stavebnictvi (hasene vapno)

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11
Q

hydroxid amonny

A

NH4OH
-odvozeny od amoniaku
-nestaly existuje ve vodnem roztoku
-ziravina
-rozklada se na amoniak->smrdi (jako cikan)

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12
Q

uhlicitan vapenaty

A

CaCO3
vapenec
-vyuziti: ve stavebnictvi vyroba paleneho vapna
-lesteny vapenec ->mramor

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13
Q

Manganistan draselny

A

KMnO4
hypermangan
ruzovo-fialova barva
-vyuziti: desinfekce vody, pyrotechnika, leci kozni problemy(koupel),antisepticum v lekarstvi
-hydrat (ma v molekulach vodu)

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14
Q

uhlicitan sodny

A

Na2CO3
-vyuziti: pri vyrobe skla, mydla
-zmekcuje vodu

15
Q

pentahydrat siranu mednateho

A

CuSO4 . 5H2O
-modra skalice
-modra krystalicka latka
-rozpustna ve vode
-vyuziti: impregnace dreva

16
Q

hydrogen uhlicitan sodny

A

NaHCO3
-prasek do peciva sumive tabletky do piti

17
Q

co je ph

A

kyselost
0-7 kysela
7 neutral
7-14 zasada

18
Q

cim se ph meri

A

kyselina: methyl oranz, methyl cerven
neutral: ph metr, cerveny zeli
zasada:fenolftalein