Chemical Texture Services- Permanent Waving

Question 1

The cortex layer of the hair structure is responsible for the hair’s

Answer 1

strength and elasticity.

Question 2

The term pH is an abbreviation used for

Answer 2

potential hydrogen

Question 3

The bonds can be broken by water, whereas salt bonds are broken by changes in pH.

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds

Question 4

In permanent waving, the size of the rod determines the

Answer 4

size of the curl.

Question 5

The type of wrap uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.

Answer 5

bookend wrap

Question 6

The type of base placement minimizes stress and tension on the hair.

Answer 6

Half off-base

Question 7

Alkaline waves are also known as

Answer 7

cold waves.

Question 8

Type of waves that use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine.

Answer 8

Thio-free waves

Question 9

The strength of any permanent wave is based on the concentration of its

Answer 9

reducing agent.

Question 10

Hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 10

Is the most common neutralizer

Question 11

What technique uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.

Answer 11

The weave technique

Question 12

The process of chemically altering the natural wave pattern of hair is:

Answer 12

chemical texture services

Question 13

The range of numbers used in the pH scale is:

Answer 13

0 to 14

Question 14

Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair in order to:

Answer 14

soften and swell the shaft

Question 15

In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is:

Answer 15

In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is:

Question 16

Chemical side bonds formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together are:

Answer 16

disulfide bonds

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by water or heat and are re-formed when the hair is:

Answer 17

dried

Question 18

In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the:

Answer 18

wrapping method

Question 19

Rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area are:

Answer 19

straight rods

Question 20

he wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends is the:

Answer 20

double flat wrap

Question 21

All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into:

Answer 21

panels

Question 22

In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called

Answer 22

base sections

Question 23

Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional:

Answer 23

stress and tension on hair

Question 24

The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as:

Answer 24

base direction

Question 25

The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are:

Answer 25

croquignole and spiral

Question 26

In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from:

Answer 26

ends to scalp

Question 27

Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called:

Answer 27

reduction

Question 28

In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of:

Answer 28

hydrogen

Question 29

The most common reducing agents used are:

Answer 29

thioglycolic acids

Question 30

The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is:

Answer 30

ammonium thioglycolate

Question 31

Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:

Answer 31

9.0 and 9.6

Question 32

The main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions is:

Answer 32

glyceryl monothioglycolate

Question 33

All acid waves have three components consisting of the permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and:

Answer 33

activator

Question 34

Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between:

Answer 34

7.8 and 8.2

Question 35

Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up:

Answer 35

processing

Question 36

Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are considered:

Answer 36

endothermic

Question 37

Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is considered:

Answer 37

overprocessed

Question 38

The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is:

Answer 38

thio neutralization

Question 39

Base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits, in which wrapping pattern?

Answer 39

bricklay permanent wrap

Question 40

The double-rod wrap technique is also called the:

Answer 40

piggyback wrap

Question 41

Most common type of perm rod

Answer 41

Concave rod

Question 42

Also known as the circle rod

Answer 42

Loop rod

Question 43

Tough exterior layer of the hair

Answer 43

Cuticle

Question 44

Compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen, and sulfur

Answer 44

Amino acid

Question 45

Long, coiled polypeptide chains

Answer 45

Keratin proteins

Question 46

Permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH

Answer 46

Acid-balanced waves

Question 47

Also known as a straight set wrap

Answer 47

Basic permanent wrap

Question 48

Hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod

Answer 48

Spiral perm wrap