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Combusion > Chemical TD & Flame Temp. > Flashcards

Chemical TD & Flame Temp. Flashcards

1
Q

The internal energy of a given substance is found to be dependent upon its ____, _____, & ______.

A

Temp, pressure, & state.

Pg. 1

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2
Q

The change in internal energy of a system that results from any physical change or chemical reaction depends only on _______.

A

The initial and final state of the system.

Pg. 1

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3
Q

What is the standard heat of formation?

A

The enthalpy of a substance in it’s standard state referred to its elements in their standards states at the same temperature.

Pg. 4

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4
Q

What is a “radical?”

A

An atom or molecule that has unpaired valence electrons (or an open electron shell).

Pg. 7

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5
Q

True or False

Because radicals have one or more dangling covalent bonds, that are highly reactive.

A

True

Pg. 7

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6
Q

What is a monopropellant?

A

A monopropellant is a chemical propulsion fuel which does not require a separate oxidizer.

Extra Notes: A rocket engine which is based on a monopropellant requires only one fuel line instead of a fuel and an oxidizer line.

Source: Wikipedia

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7
Q

What is the physical meaning of Enthalpy of Reaction?

A

The Heat of Reaction (also known and Enthalpy of Reaction) is the change in the enthalpy of a chemical reaction that occurs at a constant pressure. It is a thermodynamic unit of measurement useful for calculating the amount of energy per mole either released or produced in a reaction.

Source: ChemLib

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8
Q

A positive ΔHº value represents an _______ from the reaction (and from the surroundings), resulting in an________ reaction.

A

addition of energy
endothermic

Source: ChemLib

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9
Q

A negative value for ΔHº represents a _________ from the reaction (and into the surroundings) and so the reaction is ________.

A

removal of energy
exothermic

Source: ChemLib

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10
Q

What is a dislocation reaction?

A

A dissociation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a compound breaks apart into two or more components.

Source: Interwebs

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11
Q

What is enthalpy of formation (or heat of formation)?

A

Enthalpy of formation ( ΔH_f) is the enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mol of a compound from its component elements, such as the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen.

Source: ChemLib

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12
Q

True or False

Dissociation reactions are endothermic.

A

True

Pg. 8

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13
Q

What is enthalpy wrt/ a TD system?

A

A thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.

H = E + PV

Source: Interwebs

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14
Q

What are intensive properties?

A

Properties that do not depend on mass.

Pg. 9

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15
Q

What are extensive properties?

A

Properties that vary with the amount of mass in the system.

Pg. 9

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16
Q

What is the condition for equilibrium?

A

The entropy of the system has a max value for all possible configuration that are consistent with constant energy and volume.

Pg. 9

17
Q

What is the partial pressure of a gas?

A

The partial pressure of a gas is the pressure that an individual gas in a mixture of gases would exert if it were by itself at the same temperature and volume.

Roger, Chem for Eng., Pg 100

18
Q

What is a general definition for hydrocarbons?

A

compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen.

Lecture 2, Slide 15

19
Q

Complete oxidation of simple hydrocarbon fuels forms ____ and ______.

A

Carbon dioxide (CO_2) and water (H_2O)

Lecture 2, Slide 15

20
Q

What is the Stoichiometric Fuel-Air Ratio?

A

The exact ratio between fuel and air at which complete combustion takes place.

Lecture 2, Slide 15

21
Q

What is the equivalence ratio?

A

The ratio of the actual fuel/air ratio to the stoichiometric
fuel/air ratio.

Lecture 2, Slide 17

22
Q

Give the conditions that are present if the equivalence ratio is equal to one.

A

stoichiometric reaction; just the amount of oxidizer needed to completely burn a quantity of fuel.

Lecture 2, Slide 17

23
Q

Give the conditions that are present if the equivalence ratio is less than one.

A

more than a stoichiometric quantity of oxidizer is supplied, the mixture is said to be (fuel) lean.

Lecture 2, Slide 17

24
Q

Give the conditions that are present if the equivalence ratio is more than one.

A

less than a stoichiometric quantity of oxidizer is supplied, the mixture is said to be (fuel) rich.

Lecture 2, Slide 17

25
Q

Rich or lean leads to ________.

A

lower net combustion heat release

Lecture 2, Slide 17

26
Q

True or False
Enthalpy has meaning only when there is a group of molecules, a mole for instance; it is the ability of a group of molecules with internal energy to do PV work.

A

True

Lecture 2, Slide 21

27
Q

True or False

A single molecule can have internal energy, but not enthalpy.

A

True

Lecture 2, Slide 21

28
Q

What is the standard pressure value for the TD standard state?

A

The standard pressure value Po = 1.0 atm (101.325 kPa)

Lecture 2, Slide 22

29
Q

What is the standard temperature value for TD standard state?

A

There is no standard temperature, but we generally use a reference temperature Tref = 25 oC or 298.15 K

Lecture 2, Slide 22

30
Q

What is the heat enthalpy of formation?

A

The change of enthalpy when a chemical compound is formed isothermally from its stable elements at constant pressure.

Lecture 2, Slide 23

31
Q

What is the zeroth law of TD?

A

If two systems are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third system, the two original systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Lecture 5, Slide 2

32
Q

Entropy must _____ or _____ for any realistic process.

A

Increase
stay the same

Lecture 5, Slide 4

33
Q

State the law of mass action.

A

For a chemical reaction mixture that is in equilibrium, the ratio between the concentration of reactants and products is constant.

Lecture 5, Slide 35

Combusion (6 decks)

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