Chemical Tankers

Question 1

What is the IBC Code?

Answer 1

International Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in Bulk

Question 2

Who assesses chemicals offered for carriage?

Answer 2

GESAMP - Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection

Question 3

Name six chemical groups

Answer 3

Acrylates
Alcohols
Isocyanates
Ketones
Acids
Alkalis

Question 4

List the five main hazards of chemical cargoes

Answer 4

Flammability 
Toxicity
Pollution
Corrosivity 
Reactivity

Question 5

What is the flammable range of methanol?

Answer 5

6-36%

Question 6

What is the flammable range of Carbon Disulphide

Answer 6

2-48%

Question 7

What is the flammable range of Ethylene oxide?

Answer 7

2-100%

Question 8

What level of oxygen is required for most chemicals to ignite?

Answer 8

11-21% although some ignite at lower levels

Question 9

To what percent must ethylene oxide be inerted in order to be safe?

Answer 9

Less than 2%

Question 10

What two forms of poison can a chemical cargo fall into?

Answer 10

Acute and chronic

Question 11

What is meant by an acute poison?

Answer 11

Short term

Question 12

What is meant by a chronic poison?

Answer 12

Long term

Question 13

In toxicity, what is the danger of two chemicals mixing?

Answer 13

Gases such as cyanide can be released

Question 14

What should be consulted for details of toxicity hazards and precautions?

Answer 14

Material Hazard Data Sheets and IBC Code

Question 15

Which document is concerned with the control of pollution from noxious liquid substances in bulk?

Answer 15

MARPOL Annex II

Question 16

What does MARPOL Annex II cover?

Answer 16

Control of pollution from noxious liquid substances in bulk

Question 17

What four categories are chemicals placed in for the purpose of MARPOL?

Answer 17

X, Y, Z and “other substances”

Question 18

To which of the four categories does MARPOL annex II not apply?

Answer 18

Other substances

Question 19

Which of the four categories in MARPOL carry the most environmental hazard?

Answer 19

X

Question 20

Which category of chemicals carries the least environmental hazard?

Answer 20

Z

Question 21

Which Two aspects are covered by corrosivity?

Answer 21

Corrosive effect on the ship and her construction

Corrosive effect on human skin

Question 22

What material is used for pipes and tanks on chemical tankers?

Answer 22

Stainless steel

Question 23

What are two benefits of using stainless steel?

Answer 23

It is not affected by acids

It is easy to clean

Question 24

In service stainless steel should be….

Answer 24

Chemically passive

Question 25

What is meant by chemically passive?

Answer 25

A layer of chromium oxide formed on the surface of the stainless steel

Question 26

What must be used for tank cleaning in chemical tankers?

Answer 26

Fresh water

Question 27

What might a reaction between chemicals result in?

Answer 27

``` Fire or explosion Release of toxic vapours Production of heat Rapid increase in pressure Change in nature or quality of cargo ```

Question 28

What can cause a self reaction within the cargo?

Answer 28

Heat

Question 29

What precautions must be taken with self reactive cargos?

Answer 29

Must not be heated or placed next to adjacent heat | Must be kept below 35°C

Question 30

What precautions must be taken with air reactive cargoes?

Answer 30

Inertion | Immersing in water

Question 31

If immersing an air reactive cargo in water, what is the minimum depth of the water pad under IBC?

Answer 31

760mm

Question 32

What precautions must be taken with water reactive cargoes?

Answer 32

Entire system is drained and dried A moisture free atmosphere is created by inert ing with a low dew point IG (nitrogen) Not be stowed adjacent to ballast, water or cargoes containing water Heating coils drained

Question 33

Where is guidance found for avoiding cargoes reacting with each other?

Answer 33

Compatibility charts - USCG

Question 34

Under the IBC Code, what can a Ship Type I carry?

Answer 34

The most hazardous cargoes which require maximum protection

Question 35

Under the IBC Code, what can a Ship Type II carry?

Answer 35

Appreciably hazardous cargoes which require significant protection

Question 36

Under the IBC Code, what can a Ship Type III carry?

Answer 36

Products with sufficiently severe hazards which require moderate protection

Question 37

What is listed in chapter 18 of IBC code?

Answer 37

Cargoes that have no recognisable hazard other than a pollution one

Question 38

What other sources of information should be used alongside the IBC code as regards chemical tankers

Answer 38

``` ICS chemical tanker safety guide ISGOTT MARPOL Hazard Data Sheets P&A Manual Coating compatibility guide USCG cargo compatibility guide ```

Question 39

What is the P&A manual

Answer 39

Ship specific procedures and arrangements manual which is requires to be carried on board by MARPOL

Question 40

What is the P&A manual concerned with?

Answer 40

Environmental aspects of the cleaning of the tanks and disposal of residues and mixtures

Question 41

What does the P&A manual give operational procedures for?

Answer 41

``` Cargo handling Tank cleaning Slop handling Residue discharge Ballasting and deballasting ```

Question 42

What additional certification must a chemical tanker be issued with?

Answer 42

Certificate of fitness for the carriage if noxious liquid substances in bulk (COF)

Question 43

For how long is a COF valid?

Answer 43

5 years with intermediate and yearly surveys

Question 44

If a chemical tanker is to carry oil products, what certificate must she carry?

Answer 44

IOPP

Question 45

What are the main tank coating types used?

Answer 45

Zinc Silicate Epoxy Epoxy-Phenolic Polyurethane

Question 46

What cargo is most suited to a Zinc Silicate coating?

Answer 46

Solvents pH range 5.5-11

Question 47

What is the disadvantage of Zinc Silicate tank coating

Answer 47

Cargo may pick up traces of zinc | Poor resistance to acids or alkalis

Question 48

For which cargoes is epoxy a suitable tank coating?

Answer 48

Alkalis, amines, weak acids, veg oils and sea water

Question 49

What is an amine

Answer 49

A by product of ammonia

Question 50

What cargoes are poorly suited to an epoxy tank coating

Answer 50

Alcohols, and ketones | Limited resistance to aromatics

Question 51

What is the advantage of epoxy phenolic

Answer 51

Better resistance to solvents

Question 52

What publication must cargo be listed in in order to be classified as a chemical?

Answer 52

Chapter 17 of the International Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code)