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Cargo Ops > Chemical Tankers > Flashcards

Chemical Tankers Flashcards

1
Q

What is the IBC Code?

A

International Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in Bulk

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2
Q

Who assesses chemicals offered for carriage?

A

GESAMP - Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection

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3
Q

Name six chemical groups

A 
Acrylates
Alcohols
Isocyanates
Ketones
Acids
Alkalis
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4
Q

List the five main hazards of chemical cargoes

A 
Flammability 
Toxicity
Pollution
Corrosivity 
Reactivity
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5
Q

What is the flammable range of methanol?

A

6-36%

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6
Q

What is the flammable range of Carbon Disulphide

A

2-48%

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7
Q

What is the flammable range of Ethylene oxide?

A

2-100%

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8
Q

What level of oxygen is required for most chemicals to ignite?

A

11-21% although some ignite at lower levels

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9
Q

To what percent must ethylene oxide be inerted in order to be safe?

A

Less than 2%

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10
Q

What two forms of poison can a chemical cargo fall into?

A

Acute and chronic

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11
Q

What is meant by an acute poison?

A

Short term

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12
Q

What is meant by a chronic poison?

A

Long term

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13
Q

In toxicity, what is the danger of two chemicals mixing?

A

Gases such as cyanide can be released

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14
Q

What should be consulted for details of toxicity hazards and precautions?

A

Material Hazard Data Sheets and IBC Code

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15
Q

Which document is concerned with the control of pollution from noxious liquid substances in bulk?

A

MARPOL Annex II

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16
Q

What does MARPOL Annex II cover?

A

Control of pollution from noxious liquid substances in bulk

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17
Q

What four categories are chemicals placed in for the purpose of MARPOL?

A

X, Y, Z and “other substances”

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18
Q

To which of the four categories does MARPOL annex II not apply?

A

Other substances

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19
Q

Which of the four categories in MARPOL carry the most environmental hazard?

A

X

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20
Q

Which category of chemicals carries the least environmental hazard?

A

Z

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21
Q

Which Two aspects are covered by corrosivity?

A

Corrosive effect on the ship and her construction

Corrosive effect on human skin

22
Q

What material is used for pipes and tanks on chemical tankers?

A

Stainless steel

23
Q

What are two benefits of using stainless steel?

A

It is not affected by acids

It is easy to clean

24
Q

In service stainless steel should be….

A

Chemically passive

25
Q

What is meant by chemically passive?

A

A layer of chromium oxide formed on the surface of the stainless steel

26
Q

What must be used for tank cleaning in chemical tankers?

A

Fresh water

27
Q

What might a reaction between chemicals result in?

A 
Fire or explosion
Release of toxic vapours
Production of heat
Rapid increase in pressure 
Change in nature or quality of cargo
28
Q

What can cause a self reaction within the cargo?

A

Heat

29
Q

What precautions must be taken with self reactive cargos?

A

Must not be heated or placed next to adjacent heat

Must be kept below 35°C

30
Q

What precautions must be taken with air reactive cargoes?

A

Inertion

Immersing in water

31
Q

If immersing an air reactive cargo in water, what is the minimum depth of the water pad under IBC?

A

760mm

32
Q

What precautions must be taken with water reactive cargoes?

A

Entire system is drained and dried
A moisture free atmosphere is created by inert ing with a low dew point IG (nitrogen)
Not be stowed adjacent to ballast, water or cargoes containing water
Heating coils drained

33
Q

Where is guidance found for avoiding cargoes reacting with each other?

A

Compatibility charts - USCG

34
Q

Under the IBC Code, what can a Ship Type I carry?

A

The most hazardous cargoes which require maximum protection

35
Q

Under the IBC Code, what can a Ship Type II carry?

A

Appreciably hazardous cargoes which require significant protection

36
Q

Under the IBC Code, what can a Ship Type III carry?

A

Products with sufficiently severe hazards which require moderate protection

37
Q

What is listed in chapter 18 of IBC code?

A

Cargoes that have no recognisable hazard other than a pollution one

38
Q

What other sources of information should be used alongside the IBC code as regards chemical tankers

A 
ICS chemical tanker safety guide
ISGOTT
MARPOL
Hazard Data Sheets
P&A Manual
Coating compatibility guide
USCG cargo compatibility guide
39
Q

What is the P&A manual

A

Ship specific procedures and arrangements manual which is requires to be carried on board by MARPOL

40
Q

What is the P&A manual concerned with?

A

Environmental aspects of the cleaning of the tanks and disposal of residues and mixtures

41
Q

What does the P&A manual give operational procedures for?

A 
Cargo handling
Tank cleaning
Slop handling
Residue discharge 
Ballasting and deballasting
42
Q

What additional certification must a chemical tanker be issued with?

A

Certificate of fitness for the carriage if noxious liquid substances in bulk (COF)

43
Q

For how long is a COF valid?

A

5 years with intermediate and yearly surveys

44
Q

If a chemical tanker is to carry oil products, what certificate must she carry?

A

IOPP

45
Q

What are the main tank coating types used?

A

Zinc Silicate
Epoxy
Epoxy-Phenolic
Polyurethane

46
Q

What cargo is most suited to a Zinc Silicate coating?

A

Solvents pH range 5.5-11

47
Q

What is the disadvantage of Zinc Silicate tank coating

A

Cargo may pick up traces of zinc

Poor resistance to acids or alkalis

48
Q

For which cargoes is epoxy a suitable tank coating?

A

Alkalis, amines, weak acids, veg oils and sea water

49
Q

What is an amine

A

A by product of ammonia

50
Q

What cargoes are poorly suited to an epoxy tank coating

A

Alcohols, and ketones

Limited resistance to aromatics

51
Q

What is the advantage of epoxy phenolic

A

Better resistance to solvents

52
Q

What publication must cargo be listed in in order to be classified as a chemical?

A

Chapter 17 of the International Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code)

Cargo Ops (1 decks)

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