Chemical Structures And Equations Flashcards
Valency vs valence electrons
Valency refers to the number of electrons an atom can gain, lose, or share to form chemical bonds which will result in a complete outer energy level while valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost energy level of an atom.
Valence electrons are the
Unpaired elections in an atom.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract and hold onto shared electrons in a covalent bond, with higher values indicating a stronger attraction.
Covalent bonds
Sharing of electrons between 2 atoms. They form between two non metal atoms when the difference in electronegativity is less than 1,8.
Each atom contributes an electron to be shared by both atoms.
Covalent bonds are very strong bonds
Both nuclei attract the shared pair of electrons very strongly, it requires a lot of energy to break covalent bonds.
Covalent bonds always result in
The formation of molecules
Covalent bonds arise between
Two non metal atoms when their outermost energy levels overlap
Diatomic molecule
Made up of 2 atoms of the same kind of element
Simple ions
Carry a charge. They are also called monatomic ions.
Polyatomic ions
Groups of atoms bonded together which collectively carry a charge
H20
Hydrogen oxide
Water
Co2
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
NH3
Hydrogen nitride
Ammonia
HCl
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
H2SO4
Hydrogen sulphate
Sulphuric acid
HNO3
Hydrogen nitrate
Nitric acid
