Chemical Structures

Question 1

The activity of a compound is related to ________

Answer 1

its chemical structure

Question 2

Functional groups help determine effects and __________

Answer 2

cross-reactivity

Question 3

Sulfonamide functional group

Drugs that have are:

Would be Contraindicated in patients with:

Answer 3

• Sulfamethoxazole
• Celecoxib

Sulfa Allergies

Question 4

Celebrex:

Answer 4

COX-2 selective NSAID
- has Sulfonamide Functional group

Question 5

Anesthetics
(even both in same class, these have different functional groups)

-Procaine has a _______

-Lidocaine has a ________

Answer 5

ester functional group

amide functional group

If a patient has a reaction to procaine, or any other type of ester anesthetic it is reasonable to give that patient an Amide anesthetic like lidocaine. You would not expect cross reactivity because they contain different functional groups.

Question 6

Beta-lactam structure, be able to recognize:

-penicillin’s
-cephalosporins
-carbapenems

Which antibiotic does not have cross-reactivity with the beta-lactam antibiotics despite its similar structure??

Answer 6

nitrogen atom part of four-membered ring
double bonded oxygen to four membered ring
fused to a 5 membered or 6 membered ring

Aztreonam, the nitrogen containing ring is NOT fused to a 5 or 6 membered ring.

Question 7

Aminoglycosides

Answer 7

have an amino group
&
a glycoside (sugar molecule)

Question 8

NSAIDs

a common functional group that you will find in NSAIDs is _______

Aspirin specifically has the _______

Answer 8

COOH (carboxyl group) “carboxylic acid”

Salicylate “salicylic acid” as part of the molecule

other drugs like mesalamine for ex which has the aminosalicylate would contain this structure + an amino group

Question 9

Iodine containing compounds:

Answer 9

levothyroxine (T4) —-> is converted to T3 in the body
-has an I in the structure
-Thyroid hormone (T4)
-Triiodothyronine has 3 iodine containing molecules

amiodarone has 2 Iodine containing molecules.