Chemical Skills

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that possesses/ occupies mass and volume

Question 2

What is an Atom?

Answer 2

An atom is described as the smallest representative particle of an element

Question 3

What properties do atoms create, identify charges and position

Answer 3

Atoms have protons which are positively charged found in the nucleus (the centre of an atom), nuetrons which dont have charges and are also found in the nucleus and electrons that have negative charges and are found orbiting the atom shells.

Question 4

what is an atomic number?

Answer 4

the atomic number identifies how many protons are in an atom/element

Question 5

what is the mass number?

Answer 5

the mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom/element

Question 6

what do atoms mostly consist of?

Answer 6

empty space

Question 7

what did the ancient greek model of an atom propose

Answer 7

the atom is the smallest measure of matter

Question 8

Describe Daltons model of an atom

Answer 8

• published in 1803
• solid and looks like a billiard ball
• all elements have different-looking atoms
• compounds are made from joining two or more different elements

Question 9

Describe Thomsons model of an atom

Answer 9

• published 1904
• known as the ‘plum pudding’ becuase he discovered electrons and theorised that the proton and electrons are embedded in a positive pudding like nucleus

Question 10

Describe Ruthfords model of the atom

Answer 10

• published 1911
• introduced that atoms consist of empty space
• electrons are actually in orbiting randomly around the nucleus in shells

Question 11

Describe Bohrs model of an atom

Answer 11

• published 1913
• electrons are not randomly moving but are rather in stationary states in fixed orbitals

Question 12

Describe Schrodingers model

Answer 12

-1929 to current
- the arrangement of electrons are completely based by probability and there are no certainties in structure
- electrons have wave like properties

Question 13

what is an element?

Answer 13

an element is the simplest unit of substance that possesses chemical and physical properties

Question 14

what particles in the state of matter has the most kinetic energy and why?

Answer 14

Gaseous particles
- they don’t have fixed volumes or shapes so they are free to move around
- particles move rapidly and rapidly in any container
- however they can be compressed e.g. balloons

Question 15

is temperature and kinetic energy directly proportional?

Answer 15

Yes - greater the temperature, higher the movement and kinetic energy of particles

Question 16

what does the particle theory state?

Answer 16

matter is made from particles that are in constant motion which explains the different behavior and properties of materials in solid, liquid and gas

Question 17

what state has the least kinetic energy?

Answer 17

solid
- the particles are compacted and are not able to move around much
- solids have fixed volume and shape hence can’t be compressed but can vibrate

Question 18

what state possesses no fixed shape but fixed volume

Answer 18

liquid
- particles can move around slightly as they aren’t as compacted as solids