Chemical Skills Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is anything that possesses/ occupies mass and volume
What is an Atom?
An atom is described as the smallest representative particle of an element
What properties do atoms create, identify charges and position
Atoms have protons which are positively charged found in the nucleus (the centre of an atom), nuetrons which dont have charges and are also found in the nucleus and electrons that have negative charges and are found orbiting the atom shells.
what is an atomic number?
the atomic number identifies how many protons are in an atom/element
what is the mass number?
the mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom/element
what do atoms mostly consist of?
empty space
what did the ancient greek model of an atom propose
the atom is the smallest measure of matter
Describe Daltons model of an atom
- published in 1803
- solid and looks like a billiard ball
- all elements have different-looking atoms
- compounds are made from joining two or more different elements
Describe Thomsons model of an atom
- published 1904
- known as the ‘plum pudding’ becuase he discovered electrons and theorised that the proton and electrons are embedded in a positive pudding like nucleus
Describe Ruthfords model of the atom
- published 1911
- introduced that atoms consist of empty space
- electrons are actually in orbiting randomly around the nucleus in shells
Describe Bohrs model of an atom
- published 1913
- electrons are not randomly moving but are rather in stationary states in fixed orbitals
Describe Schrodingers model
-1929 to current
- the arrangement of electrons are completely based by probability and there are no certainties in structure
- electrons have wave like properties
what is an element?
an element is the simplest unit of substance that possesses chemical and physical properties
what particles in the state of matter has the most kinetic energy and why?
Gaseous particles
- they don’t have fixed volumes or shapes so they are free to move around
- particles move rapidly and rapidly in any container
- however they can be compressed e.g. balloons
is temperature and kinetic energy directly proportional?
Yes - greater the temperature, higher the movement and kinetic energy of particles
what does the particle theory state?
matter is made from particles that are in constant motion which explains the different behavior and properties of materials in solid, liquid and gas
what state has the least kinetic energy?
solid
- the particles are compacted and are not able to move around much
- solids have fixed volume and shape hence can’t be compressed but can vibrate
what state possesses no fixed shape but fixed volume
liquid
- particles can move around slightly as they aren’t as compacted as solids
