Chemical Regulation Flashcards
Fundamentals systems of the human body
Nervous system and Endocrine sytem
Captured by the senses
nervous system
transmission of the info to difeferent parts of the body
nervous system
understan our real world and performs the appropriate action
nervous system
make up with endocrine galnds
endocrine system
responsible of producting chemical substances, hormones
endocrine system
capture changes in the internal and external enviroment
irritability
allow information to enter according to the intensity
stimulus
mechanical effects on the surface of the organism
temperature, concentration of different substances and movements of air and water
autonomus regulation and control of the internal enviroment
homeostasis
physiological responses likle
hormones, substance secretion
organs, tissues and cell called
effectors
organs tissues and cell run the answers that porduce
movements
homeostais requieres action of
physiological responses and organs, tissues and cells
—secrete biollogically active molecules called — in to the blood
endocrine glands and hormones
located in the neck, porduces t4 and t4 thyroxine and triiodothyronine, metabolic rate
thyroid
lowers blood sugar, metabolize glucose and formation of proteins
insulin in the islets of Langerhans:
increase the sugar levels temporarily
glucagon
contains insulin and glucagon
pancreas
produce oxytocin and vasopressin, brain
hypothalamus
temperature, hunger, moods, sexual appetite, sleep rhytims, heart rate and thristy
hypothalamus
also knows as hypophysis
pituary
base of the skull
pituary
oxytocin vasopressin thyrotropin somatotropin prolactin gonadotropins endorphins
pituray
uppert part of the kidney
adrenals
adrelaline cortisol aldsoterone testorestorne
adrenals
blood pressure and heart rate regulate sweating salt levels respond stressful situations production of sex hormones
adrenals
small organ in the brain
pineal gland
meltonin sleep paterns cancer cells inmune sytem antioxidant effects
pineal gland
top of the thyroid, 4 structures
parathyroid glands
maintain balance in the calcium and phoshorus
paathyroid glands
male gonds produce testoterone
testicles
promote human growth and the stimulate of the sperm, puberty of men
testicles
located in the pelvis manufacturing ovules
ovaries
secrete estrogen and progesterone
ovaries
the female gonds determine the onset of puberty
ovaries
metabolism energy level reproduction growth development response to injury, stress environmental factors
endocrine system
regulates salt blood pressure
aldosterone
sodium balance, blood pressure, fluid retention in the kidneys
vasopressin
growth development protein production the body fat stored
GH
sex hormones estrogen and progesterone eggs sperm
LH FSH
stimulus the contration of the terus and the relse of the milk in brasts
oxytocin
secretion of thyroid homones stimulates too
TSH
regulates blood pressure
renina
increase heart rate oxygen intake and blood circulation
epinephrine
mil fertilization
progesterone
uterus and brests growth
estrogen
help with sleep
melatonin
help development the immune system during puberty
humaral factors
serve to transmit and broadcast inofrmation
neurons or nerve cells
communicate information through nerve impulses form the brain to the rest of the body or viceversa
neurons or nerve cells
perform functions of support nutirtion and defense of nervous tissue
glial cells and neuroglia
23 main glial cells or neuroglia
astrocytes cells, oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
branched parts of the neuron that receive information nerve impulses and transport it to the cell body
dentrites
is the central part of the neuron, nucleus of the cell
soma, cell obdy or perikaryon
is the ranch that starts form the cell body and communicates the info to another neuron. different extension
axon
white, fatty substance, 90 times per second
myelin sheath
is the small brown in the axon
schwann cell
the last part of the neuron
nerve ending
the 4 types of neurons
sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons and relay
receive a stimulus by the 5 senses passing the organs, brain and to the spianl cord
sensory neurons
emit signals form the cns to make a movemnt
motor neurons
transmit the info between sensory and motor
interneurons
large neurons that transmit a info by the cns to another without the pns
relay
when two neurons repeated infinitely, in the terminal axon
synapse
the small space between it and next neuron
sypnatic
a particle is released in the synapse from the axon of the neuron that emits the information
neurotransmitters
their axons are thicker and the nerve impulse propagates faster thanks to saltatory conduction
myelinated neurons
they grow myelin and the conduction is slowly
unmyelinated neurons
2 types of neurons
myelinated and unmyelinated
the nerve impulse is transmitted along a neuron through a process of:
depolarization, sodium potassium pump
who the nerve impulse propagates faster in axons?
with myelin
what is myelin
is an electrical insulators, it does not follow charges to pass throgth it
In myelinated neurons, the process of saving energy occurs only in?
ranvier´s nodes
chemical created by the body that transmit signals
neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter synthesized form tryptophan, happines homrmones and group of indolamines
serotonin
neurotransmitter invovled in addictive behaviurs and in the cause of pleasant sensations, muscular movements, cognitive process, learning decision
dopamine
natural drug released in the body, pleasure, and euphoria, promote calm, improve mood, reduce pain, delay the aging process, functions the immune system
endorphins
triggers survival mechanisms, fulfills physiological functions
adrenaline epinepherine
exitory neurotransmitter in the cns, memory recovery, sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional, 80 and 90 of the synapses, the excess is toxic in neurons
glutamate
inhibitory messenger stop action of excitatory neurotransmitters contributes control, anxiety, and does not cross the body’s blood-brain barrier, so ti must be synthesized in the brain
GABA (gamma.aminobutyric acid)
1 neurotransmitter to be discovered, widely distributed, muscles stimulations, sleep, wakefulness, and memory association process.
acetylcholine
brain and spinal cord, control bodily functions
central nervous system cns
made up of the set of nerves that comes out of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system PNS
connect the cns with the rest of the body, to execute the orders
nerves
the automatic system can be divided in 2
sympathetic and parasympathetic
is the one released acetylcholine, it increases well-being or rest
parasympathetic
increase moments of alertness
sympathetic
biological process by which new individuals are produced
reproduction
