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Biology - nervous system > Chemical Regulation > Flashcards

Chemical Regulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fundamentals systems of the human body

A

Nervous system and Endocrine sytem

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2
Q

Captured by the senses

A

nervous system

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3
Q

transmission of the info to difeferent parts of the body

A

nervous system

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4
Q

understan our real world and performs the appropriate action

A

nervous system

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5
Q

make up with endocrine galnds

A

endocrine system

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6
Q

responsible of producting chemical substances, hormones

A

endocrine system

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7
Q

capture changes in the internal and external enviroment

A

irritability

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8
Q

allow information to enter according to the intensity

A

stimulus

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9
Q

mechanical effects on the surface of the organism

A

temperature, concentration of different substances and movements of air and water

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10
Q

autonomus regulation and control of the internal enviroment

A

homeostasis

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11
Q

physiological responses likle

A

hormones, substance secretion

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12
Q

organs, tissues and cell called

A

effectors

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13
Q

organs tissues and cell run the answers that porduce

A

movements

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14
Q

homeostais requieres action of

A

physiological responses and organs, tissues and cells

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15
Q

—secrete biollogically active molecules called — in to the blood

A

endocrine glands and hormones

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16
Q

located in the neck, porduces t4 and t4 thyroxine and triiodothyronine, metabolic rate

A

thyroid

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17
Q

lowers blood sugar, metabolize glucose and formation of proteins

A

insulin in the islets of Langerhans:

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18
Q

increase the sugar levels temporarily

A

glucagon

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19
Q

contains insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

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20
Q

produce oxytocin and vasopressin, brain

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

temperature, hunger, moods, sexual appetite, sleep rhytims, heart rate and thristy

A

hypothalamus

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22
Q

also knows as hypophysis

A

pituary

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23
Q

base of the skull

A

pituary

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24
Q

oxytocin vasopressin thyrotropin somatotropin prolactin gonadotropins endorphins

A

pituray

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25
Q

uppert part of the kidney

A

adrenals

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26
Q

adrelaline cortisol aldsoterone testorestorne

A

adrenals

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27
Q

blood pressure and heart rate regulate sweating salt levels respond stressful situations production of sex hormones

A

adrenals

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28
Q

small organ in the brain

A

pineal gland

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29
Q

meltonin sleep paterns cancer cells inmune sytem antioxidant effects

A

pineal gland

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30
Q

top of the thyroid, 4 structures

A

parathyroid glands

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31
Q

maintain balance in the calcium and phoshorus

A

paathyroid glands

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32
Q

male gonds produce testoterone

A

testicles

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33
Q

promote human growth and the stimulate of the sperm, puberty of men

A

testicles

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34
Q

located in the pelvis manufacturing ovules

A

ovaries

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35
Q

secrete estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

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36
Q

the female gonds determine the onset of puberty

A

ovaries

37
Q

metabolism energy level reproduction growth development response to injury, stress environmental factors

A

endocrine system

38
Q

regulates salt blood pressure

A

aldosterone

39
Q

sodium balance, blood pressure, fluid retention in the kidneys

A

vasopressin

40
Q

growth development protein production the body fat stored

A

GH

41
Q

sex hormones estrogen and progesterone eggs sperm

A

LH FSH

42
Q

stimulus the contration of the terus and the relse of the milk in brasts

A

oxytocin

43
Q

secretion of thyroid homones stimulates too

A

TSH

44
Q

regulates blood pressure

A

renina

45
Q

increase heart rate oxygen intake and blood circulation

A

epinephrine

46
Q

mil fertilization

A

progesterone

47
Q

uterus and brests growth

A

estrogen

48
Q

help with sleep

A

melatonin

49
Q

help development the immune system during puberty

A

humaral factors

50
Q

serve to transmit and broadcast inofrmation

A

neurons or nerve cells

51
Q

communicate information through nerve impulses form the brain to the rest of the body or viceversa

A

neurons or nerve cells

52
Q

perform functions of support nutirtion and defense of nervous tissue

A

glial cells and neuroglia

53
Q

23 main glial cells or neuroglia

A

astrocytes cells, oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

54
Q

branched parts of the neuron that receive information nerve impulses and transport it to the cell body

A

dentrites

55
Q

is the central part of the neuron, nucleus of the cell

A

soma, cell obdy or perikaryon

56
Q

is the ranch that starts form the cell body and communicates the info to another neuron. different extension

A

axon

57
Q

white, fatty substance, 90 times per second

A

myelin sheath

58
Q

is the small brown in the axon

A

schwann cell

59
Q

the last part of the neuron

A

nerve ending

60
Q

the 4 types of neurons

A

sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons and relay

61
Q

receive a stimulus by the 5 senses passing the organs, brain and to the spianl cord

A

sensory neurons

62
Q

emit signals form the cns to make a movemnt

A

motor neurons

63
Q

transmit the info between sensory and motor

A

interneurons

64
Q

large neurons that transmit a info by the cns to another without the pns

A

relay

65
Q

when two neurons repeated infinitely, in the terminal axon

A

synapse

66
Q

the small space between it and next neuron

A

sypnatic

67
Q

a particle is released in the synapse from the axon of the neuron that emits the information

A

neurotransmitters

68
Q

their axons are thicker and the nerve impulse propagates faster thanks to saltatory conduction

A

myelinated neurons

69
Q

they grow myelin and the conduction is slowly

A

unmyelinated neurons

70
Q

2 types of neurons

A

myelinated and unmyelinated

71
Q

the nerve impulse is transmitted along a neuron through a process of:

A

depolarization, sodium potassium pump

72
Q

who the nerve impulse propagates faster in axons?

A

with myelin

73
Q

what is myelin

A

is an electrical insulators, it does not follow charges to pass throgth it

74
Q

In myelinated neurons, the process of saving energy occurs only in?

A

ranvier´s nodes

75
Q

chemical created by the body that transmit signals

A

neurotransmitter

76
Q

neurotransmitter synthesized form tryptophan, happines homrmones and group of indolamines

A

serotonin

77
Q

neurotransmitter invovled in addictive behaviurs and in the cause of pleasant sensations, muscular movements, cognitive process, learning decision

A

dopamine

78
Q

natural drug released in the body, pleasure, and euphoria, promote calm, improve mood, reduce pain, delay the aging process, functions the immune system

A

endorphins

79
Q

triggers survival mechanisms, fulfills physiological functions

A

adrenaline epinepherine

80
Q

exitory neurotransmitter in the cns, memory recovery, sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional, 80 and 90 of the synapses, the excess is toxic in neurons

A

glutamate

81
Q

inhibitory messenger stop action of excitatory neurotransmitters contributes control, anxiety, and does not cross the body’s blood-brain barrier, so ti must be synthesized in the brain

A

GABA (gamma.aminobutyric acid)

82
Q

1 neurotransmitter to be discovered, widely distributed, muscles stimulations, sleep, wakefulness, and memory association process.

A

acetylcholine

83
Q

brain and spinal cord, control bodily functions

A

central nervous system cns

84
Q

made up of the set of nerves that comes out of the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system PNS

85
Q

connect the cns with the rest of the body, to execute the orders

A

nerves

86
Q

the automatic system can be divided in 2

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

87
Q

is the one released acetylcholine, it increases well-being or rest

A

parasympathetic

88
Q

increase moments of alertness

A

sympathetic

89
Q

biological process by which new individuals are produced

A

reproduction

Biology - nervous system (1 decks)

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