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Science - year 9 > Chemical reactions - quiz 2 > Flashcards

Chemical reactions - quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

Exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat to its surroundings. The total chemical energy of the products is LESS than the total chemical energy of the reactants

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2
Q

What are endothermic reactions?

A

Endothermic reactions absorb heat, making their surroundings colder. The total chemical energy of the products is MORE than the total chemical energy of the reactants.

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3
Q

Examples of endothermic reactions?

A

Photosynthesis, when you eat sherbet

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4
Q

Examples of exothermic reactions?

A

Combustion

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5
Q

Predict the products of acid + metal

A

acid + metal → hydrogen gas + salt

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6
Q

Predict the products of acid + base

A

acid + base (neutralisation) → water + salt

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7
Q

Predict the products of acid + carbonate

A

acid + carbonate → carbon dioxide + water + salt

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8
Q
  • Explain chemical reactions in terms of breaking bonds in reactant, rearranging atoms and forming new bonds in products *
A

Bonds between atoms in reactants are broken. Atoms are then rearranged. Bonds between atoms in products are formed.

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9
Q

Observations of chemical reactions

A

1) Permanent colour change
2) Gas bubble appear
3) Formation of a precipitate
4) Temperature change
5) Production of an odour

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10
Q

Define chemical reaction

A

The transformation of chemical substances into a new chemical substances by the making and breaking of bonds between different atoms.

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11
Q

Define reactants

A

A reactant is a substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. Substances that take part in the beginning of a chemical reaction.

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12
Q

Define products

A

A product is a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.

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13
Q

Define chemical bond

A

A chemical bond is force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit. The lasting attraction between atoms and ions that enables formation of chemical compounds.

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14
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An ionic bond is a force that holds cations and anions together which is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to the other

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15
Q

What is a pH scale?

A

pH means the “Power of hydrogen”. The scale varies with the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

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16
Q

What is a pH scale used for?

A

pH scales are used to measure the acidity and basicity of a solution.

17
Q

Which solutions are acid?

A

Solutions with a pH scale of less than 7 (sulfuric acid, lemon juice, vinegar)

18
Q

Which solutions are bases?

A

Solutions with a pH scale of more than 7 (toothpaste, ammonia)

19
Q

What is a neutral solution?

A

A solution with a pH scale of 7 (pure water, blood)

20
Q

What is an indicator and how can we use it?

A

An indicator is a substance that changes colour in the presence of an acid or a base. Universal indicator, litmus paper.

21
Q

Properties of an acid

A

1) sour
2) less than 7 pH
3) dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions
e. g. HCl, H2SO4, lemon juice, vinegar

22
Q

Properties of a base

A

1) bitter
2) more than 7 pH
3) dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions
e. g. NaOH, Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) Mg(OH)2, shampoo, ammonia

23
Q

Name for HCl

A

Hydrochloric acid

24
Q

Formula for Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

25
Q

Name for H2SO4

A

Sulfuric acid

26
Q

Formula for Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

27
Q

Name for HNO3

A

Nitric acid

28
Q

Formula for Nitric acid

A

HNO3

29
Q

Name for H3PO4

A

Phosphoric acid

30
Q

Formula for Phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

31
Q

Name for CH3COOH

A

Ethanoic acid

32
Q

Formula for Ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

33
Q

Name for NaOH

A

Sodium hydroxide

34
Q

Formula for Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

35
Q

Name for Potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

36
Q

Formula for KOH

A

Potassium hydroxide

37
Q

Name for NH4OH

A

Ammonia

38
Q

Formula for Ammonia

A

NH4OH

Science - year 9 (4 decks)

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