Chemical reactions in aqueous solutions Flashcards
what is the mol?
SI unit for the amount of substance, 1 mol of anything contains 6.022 x 10^23
what is a limiting reagent?
when reactants arent present in exact stoichiometric amounts, the substance which is used up first is the limiting reagent as it stops the others from reacting and creating more product.
what kind of bonding occurs in water and why?
hydrogen bonding happens as the electornegativitys between oxygen and hydrogen are different, thus creating a dipole dipole bond. these are strong bonds.
what substances are soluble in water?
ionic solids and polar molecules
dissolution meaning
the process of being dissolved
solvent meaning and what is water as a solvent know as?
when water is a solvent it is called hydration. solvent is the dissolver. solute is the dissolved.
carbon compounds which water can generally dissolve?
carboxylic acids, amines, alcohol, amino acids
what is an induced dipole?
because water has a permanent dipole, it can make non-polar molecules (if small e.g. O2 or N2) have an induced dipole.
what is an electrolyte?
something that dissolves to give ions in a solution e.g. NaCl
what is a non-electrolyte?
something that dissolves without the formation of ions e.g. glucose C6H12O6
what substances will always be electrolytes?
ionic solids, acids and bases.
dissociation meaning?
splitting a molecule into smaller molecules.
strong electrolytes dissociation wise?
dissociation goes to completion.
weak electrolytes dissociation wise?
extent of dissolution is enormous, but the extent of dissociation is small.
what does the reaction quotient mean and what is it?
to determine if a reaction has gone to completion,
Q = [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b
