Chemical reactions and mixtures Flashcards
Learn key facts about chemical reactions.
What are they key facts of a chemical reaction?
Compounds are broken up or formed, at least one new substance is created, there’s a measurable energy change and no atoms are created or destroyed.
What’s found on the left of a chemical equation?
The reactants.
What’s found on the right of a chemical equation?
The products.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is made up of 2 or more substances that AREN’T chemically bonded together.
Mixture separation processes?
Filtration, chromatography, crystallisation, distillation.
What is filtration?
It’s used to separate insoluble solids and liquids by pouring the mix through filter paper, trapping the solid on top.
What does insoluble mean?
A substance that can’t dissolve.
What is chromatography?
Separates a few solutes from a solvent by placing a drop of a solution at the bottom of some chromatography paper, then dip the very bottom of the paper in a suitable solvent like water. The solvent makes its way up the paper and carries the solutes with it. Different solutes move at different speeds.
What is a solvent?
A liquid that a solute dissolves in.
What is a solute?
A solid that dissolves in a solvent.
What is crystallisation?
It separates solutions into dissolved solids and liquids. To perform you need to heat the mixture until the solvent evaporates, leaving you with crystals of the solute. The liquid can be collected by being condensed.
What is distillation?
A separation method used for liquids using their boiling points to separate them. There are two types.
What are the 2 types of distillation?
Fractional distillation and simple distillation.
What is fractional distillation?
It separates lots of liquids with different boiling points. Slowly heated until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and condenses. Then the temperature is gradually increased to do the same with the other liquids.
What is simple distillation?
It separates 2 liquids with different boiling points. Mixture is heated until the lower boiling point liquid is evaporated and it then goes through a condenser to condense. Can also be used to separate a solute from a solvent.
