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CHEM111 > Chemical Reactions and Aqueous Solutions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions and Aqueous Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

Reactants rearrange to form what

A

products

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2
Q

Chemical formulas

A

tell you what happens during the reaction

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3
Q

Coefficients

A

tell you in what proportions the reaction occurs

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4
Q

Information in parentheses signifies

A

the physical state of the element

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5
Q

Common states

A

solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), and aqueous (aq)

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6
Q

Reaction conditions

A

factors necessary for a reaction to occur

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7
Q

combination (synthesis) reactions

A

start with simple reactants that combine to form a single more complex product

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8
Q

Decomposition reactions

A

occur when a single reactant breaks down into less complex products

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9
Q

Single-replacement reactions

A

occur when an element reacts with a compound and displaces one of the elements in that compound, producing a new compound and a new element

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10
Q

Double-replacement reactions

A

two ionic compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds

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11
Q

Acid

A

type of compound usually written with H at the beginning of its formula

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12
Q

base

A

a type of compound often written with OH at the end of its formula (many bases are hydroxide compounds)

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13
Q

Combustion reactions

A

the rapid combination of a substance with oxygen

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14
Q

enthalpy

A

heat energy

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15
Q

randomness

A

entropy

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16
Q

enthalpy and entropy are examples of

A

driving forces (in aqueous solutions)

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17
Q

precipitation reactions

A

double-replacement reactions that form lower energy solid ionic compounds

18
Q

Neutralization

A

the driving force for acid-base reactions that produce salt (and usually water)

19
Q

oxidation-reduction

A

single-replacement, synthesis, and decomposition reactions transfer electrons to form lower energy products

20
Q

Soluble

A

a solid compound that readily dissolves in water

21
Q

electrolytes

A

substances that, when dissolved in water, conduct electricity

22
Q

strong electrolytes

A

ionic compounds that dissociate 100% to produce solutions that conduct electricity readily

23
Q

nonelectrolytes

A

molecular compounds that dissolve in water that do not conduct electricity

24
Q

strong acids

A

ionize 100% and are strong electrolytes

25
Q

strong acids

A

HCl (hydrocloric), HBr (hydrobromic), HI (hydroionic), NHO3 (nitric), NClO4 (perchloric), HClO4 (chloric), H2SO4 (sulfuric)

26
Q

Weak Acids

A

all acids that aren’t strong acids; ionize only partially in water

27
Q

weak electrolytes

A

weak acids that conduct electricity only slightly

28
Q

strong bases

A

ionic compounds containing hydroxide ions, dissociate 100% in water, strong electrolytes

29
Q

weak bases

A

molecular compounds; react with water to a small extent to produce hydroxide ions in water; weak electrolytes

30
Q

strong electrolyte types

A

ionic (salts), ionic (strong bases), strong acids

31
Q

weak electrolyte types

A

weak acids, weak bases

32
Q

nonelectrolyte type

A

molecular (most)

33
Q

spectator ions

A

do not participate in the reaction

34
Q

acid-base reactions

A

hydrogen from the acid combines with hydroxide from the base to form water, while the remaining ions form a salt

35
Q

redox reactions involve the transfer of

A

electrons

36
Q

oxidation states (numbers)

A

used to keep track of the electron transfer

37
Q

Neutral elements not part of a compound have an oxidation state of

A

0

38
Q

monoatomic ions have oxidation states equal to

A

their ionic charges

39
Q

the sum of the oxidation states in any formula

A

equal to the overall charge of the formula

40
Q

loses electrons

A

oxidized, reducing agent

41
Q

gains electrons

A

reduced, oxidizing agent

CHEM111 (5 decks)

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