Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Where are the reactants listed in a word equation?
The left side
Where are the products in a word equation?
The right side
What are reactants?
The substances which are present initially in a chemical reaction
What are products?
The substances which are present at the end of a chemical reaction
What does the arrow mean in a chemical equation?
Yield Forms Produces Reacts to produce Decomposes into
What is always present when something burns?
Oxygen
What are some diatomic atoms?
Nitrogen Hydrogen Florine Oxygen Iodine Carbon
Bromine
What does the law of conservation state?
The mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products
What are the 5 basic types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis A+B=AB Decomposition AB= A+B Single replacement A+BC=AC+B Double replacement AB+XY=AY+XB Combustion
What’s synthesis?
The combination of 2 of more substances to make a compound
What’s decomposition?
One substance breaks down to create 2 or more similar substances
What’s single replacement?
Occurs when one element is replaced by another
What’s double replacement?
Occurs when elements in a solution of compounds exchange places or replace each other
What’s combustion?
Involves the burning of a hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
What are 3 characteristics of acids?
Water soluble
Conducts electricity
Reactive
What are 4 characteristics of bases?
Conducts electricity
Water soluble
Slippery when in aquas solution
Bitter tasting
What are 3 examples of acids?
Sulfuric Acid
Vinegar
Citric Acid
What are 3 examples of bases?
Sodium hydroxide
Bleach
Potassium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
What’s an example of a neutral substance?
Water
How is acidity measured?
pH scale
What’s is a universal indicator?
Is a substance that turns different colours in solution with different pH values
What’s the advantage of using universal indicators rather than litmus paper?
You immediately know the pH
What’s a rate of reaction?
The speed of a reaction
How to reactions take place?
Reactions take place when particles collide with a certain amount of energy
What’s activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy needed for the particles to react
What does the rate of reaction depend on?
Frequency and Energy
What are factors that affect the rate of reaction?
Increased Temperature Increased surface area Use of a catalyst Increased concentration of reactants Increased pressure of gaseous reactants
Why does heat speed of the rate of reaction?
At higher temperature particles have more energy. This means they move more and are more likely to collide with other particles
What do catalysts do?
They speed up the rate of reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy so less energy is needed to start a reaction
What are 3 examples of catalysts?
Nickel
Iron
Platinum
Why are catalysts important for industry?
Products can be made more quickly, saving time and money. Catalysts reduce the need for heat saving fuel and reducing pollution.
What’s another name for an acid-base reaction?
Neutralization reactions
What are the products of acid-base reactions?
Water and salt
Give an example of acid-base reaction
Hydrobromic acid+sodium hydroxide = water + salt
How can we describe chemical reactions?
Word Equation
Skeleton Equation
Balanced Equation
