Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Reaction
A chemical process in which substances act mutually on each other and are changed into different substances, or one substance changes into other substances.
Observation
The action or process of closely observing or monitoring something or someone.
Solubility
The maximum quantity of a substance that may be dissolved in another. The maximum amount of solute that may be dissolved in a solvent.
Combination
A joining or merging of different parts or qualities in which the component elements are individually distinct.
Exchange
The passing of ions from one electrolyte to another or from one electrolyte and a coordination complex.
Thermal Decomposition
The breaking down of a chemical compound by heat into smaller components which do not recombine on cooling.
Displacement
Type of reaction where part of one reactant is replaced by another reactant.
Reactant
Any substance that undergoes a chemical change in a given reaction.
Product
A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.
Spectator ions
An ion that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction.
Precipitate
To form an insoluble compound either by reacting two salts or by changing the temperature to affect the solubility of the compound.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means. They are defined by the number of protons they posses.
Ion
An atom or molecule which has gained or lost one or more of its valence electrons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.Examples: alpha particle He2+, hydroxide OH-
Atom
The defining structure of an element, which cannot be broken by any chemical means. Typically consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting this nucleus.
Proton
Positively charge particle that resides within the atomic nucleus.
Electron
Negatively charged component of an atom. Exists outside of and surrounding the atom nucleus.
It Carries one unit of negative charge and has a very small mass as compared with that of a neutron or proton.
Neutron
A Subatomic particle contained in the atomic nucleus. It has no net electric charge, unlike the proton’s positive electric charge. The number of _______ in an atomic nucleus determines the isotope of that element.
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. May exist in any phase
Aqueous
A term used to describe a system which involves water. The word ______ is also applied to a solution or mixture in which water is the solvent. When a chemical species has been dissolved in water, this is denoted by writing (aq) after the chemical name.
Activity series
List of metals ranked in order of decreasing reactivity to displace hydrogen gas from water and acid solutions. It can also be used to predict which metals will displace other metals in aqueous solutions.
Cation
An ionic species with a positive charge. Examples: Ca2+, Li+
Anion
An ionic species having a negative charge.
Examples: free chloride in an aqueous table salt (NaCl) solution, singlet oxygen
Ionic compound
A compound formed by ions bonding together through electrostatic forces.
Examples: Table salt, NaCl, is an _____ ______
Molecule
Form when two or more atoms form chemical bonds with each other. It doesn’t matter if the atoms are the same or are different from each other.
