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Science Exam Revision Y10 > Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 main types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis
Decomposition
Combustion
Single replacement
Double replacement

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2
Q

What is Combustion?

A

Combustion describes any chemical reactions in which a reactant burns in oxygen (from the air) to produce heat (and light).

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3
Q

Does Combustion occur quickly?

A

Combustion reactions occur quickly

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4
Q

What type of reaction is Combustion?

A

This is an exothermic reaction.

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5
Q

What are the two types of Combustion?

A

Incomplete and complete combustion

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6
Q

Synthesis is?

A

Combination / Synthesis reactions occur when 2 reactants form 1 product.

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7
Q

What is complete combustion？

A

Fuels such as natural gas and petrol contain hydrocarbons. These are compounds of hydrogen and carbon only. When they burn completely:
The carbon oxidises to carbon dioxide.
The hydrogen oxidises to water

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8
Q

What is incomplete combustion？

A

Incomplete combustion occurs when the supply of air or oxygen is poor, which stops the fuel from burning completely.
Water is still produced, but carbon monoxide and carbon are produced instead of carbon dioxide.

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9
Q

What is the other name for combination reactions?

A

Synthesis reactions

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10
Q

What is single replacement?

A

The removal of one element or group of elements and replacing them with another element of group of elements.

For instance:

Copper + Silver Nitrate → Silver + Copper Nitrate

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11
Q

What is double replacement?

A

These reactions involve two compounds reacting and swapping ions to form two new compounds.
- metals swap
For instance:
Potassium Iodide + Lead Nitrate
→ Potassium Nitrate + Lead Iodide

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12
Q

What is the other name for double replacement?

A

Double replacement or precipitation

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13
Q

What is Decomposition?

A

When a single reactant breaks apart to form several products, the reactant is said to decompose.

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14
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

The processes by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions. AKA In a chemical reaction new products are formed.

For instance:
When a piece of sodium is put into water, it fizzes about and a gas is formed.

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15
Q

What does an Acid + base make?

A

water + salt

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16
Q

What does an Acid + Metal make?

A

Salt + Hydrogen Gas

17
Q

Acid + Carbonate = ???

A

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

18
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

2 soluble reactants combine to form an insoluble product called a precipitate.

The precipitate may make the solution look murky if the solid is very fine or will settle to the bottom of the container as a sediment, if the solid is denser.

The precipitate is often a different colour to the reactants.

19
Q

What is the Law of Conversation of Mass?

A

The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it can only be transferred or transformed. Therefore, the number of atoms on both sides of the equation must be equal.

20
Q

A + B –》ab

WHICH IS THE REACTANT?

A

A + B BECAUSE IT IS BECOMING SOMETHING ELSE. ALSO BECAUSE ITS SHOOTING AN ARROW !!!

21
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

When these reactions occur, the amount of energy stored in the reactants is greater than that stored in the products.

As a result, energy is released and we call the reaction exothermic.

The energy released takes the form of light or heat.

22
Q

Endothermic

A

When the products have more energy than the reactants, energy in the form of heat/light is absorbed, leaving the surrounding area colder.

23
Q

Does heat exit in an exothermic reaction?

A

EXO like EXIT!
It releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise

24
Q

Examples of Exothermic reactions

A

Burning of candles - heat is being released.
Freezing of water into ice - heat is being released that it freezes.
Rusting of iron

25
Q

Examples of endothermic reactions

A

Melting ice cubes - Cuz heat is being ABSORBED
Photosynthesis
Chemical cold packs

26
Q

What is particle theory?

A

Particles are constantly moving,
some with more energy than others.

For a chemical reaction to take place between two reactants, their particles must collide first.

For the collision to be effective, (meaning, for a reaction to occur), the particles must have the right amount of energy.

The minimum amount of energy required for an effective collision is called the activation energy.

27
Q

What factors can influence The Rate of Reaction?

A

Agitation, Surface Area, Temperature, Catalyst, Concentration

28
Q

Temperature affects the rate of reaction by？

A

Increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction.

Particles have more energy, which means that they collide more frequently, which allows for new products to be formed. Moreover, they will be able to meet the demands of activation energy.

29
Q

Concentration affects the rate of reaction by？

A

Increasing the concentration of the reactants means that more particles are available to react.
Hence, particles are more likely to collide and rearrange to form new products.

30
Q

Agitation affects the rate of reaction by？

A

Agitation or stirring the solution ensures the reactants are kept in contact. This will prevent clumps or sediment being formed, which might otherwise reduce the rate of reaction.
Magnetic stirrers can be used in the laboratory to create agitation:

31
Q

Catalyst affects the rate of reaction by？

A

Catalysts are chemicals that speed up chemical reactions but are not used up in the reaction. They do this by either:

reducing the amount of energy required to convert the reactants into products
providing an alternative pathway for reactants to combine to form new products

32
Q

Surface Area affects the rate of reaction by？

A

By cutting up or crushing solid reactants into smaller pieces, the reactants will have more surface area.

If the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.

This creates a greater chance of particles colliding, which leads to more successful collisions per second - increasing the rate of reaction.

33
Q

Why are chemical reactions important?

A

Chemical reactions are important as the allow living beings to grow, develop reproduce and adapt. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction and without it most plants would die. Moreover, chemical reactions are vital in the production of many consumer products such as alcohol which uses yeast and fermentation. Whereas chemical reactions are slowed down to preserve and and extend the lifespan of buildings and structures.

Science Exam Revision Y10 (3 decks)

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