Chemical Reactions

Question 1

What are the 3 chemical reaction types?

Answer 1

Decomposition, synthesis, and exchange

Question 2

Decomposition:

Answer 2

LARGE MOLECULE IS BREAKING INTO SMALLER STRUCTURES. (CATABOLISM) AB > A + B

Question 3

Synthesis:

Answer 3

PUTTING IONS, ATOMS, OR MOLECULES TOGETHER. (ANABOLISM) A + B > AB

Question 4

Exchange:

Answer 4

ATOMS, MOLECULES, IONS, OR ELECTRONS ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN TWO CHEMCIAL STRUCTURES. AB + C > A + BC

Question 5

What happens in an oxidation-reduction reaction?

Answer 5

MOVING ELECTRONS FROM ONE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE/REACTANT TO ANOTHER

Question 6

If a structure is oxidized does it gain or lose an electron?

Answer 6

LOSE

Question 7

If a structure is reduced, does it gain or lose an electron?

Answer 7

GAIN

Question 8

What is the phrase to remember the movement of electrons in oxidation-reduction exchanges?

Answer 8

LEO says GER. LEO: Lose Energy Oxidation. GER: Gain Energy Reduced

Question 9

What are the 6 classes of enzymes?

Answer 9

On The Himalayas, Lyf is Lightened: Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases.

Question 10

Oxidoreductases:

Answer 10

Transfers electrons from one substance to another

Question 11

Transferases:

Answer 11

Transfers a functional group

Question 12

Hydrolases:

Answer 12

Splits a chemical bond using water

Question 13

Lyases:

Answer 13

Splits a chemical bond in the absence of water

Question 14

Isomerases:

Answer 14

Converts one isomer to another

Question 15

Ligases:

Answer 15

Bonds two molecules together

Question 16

What is an isomer?

Answer 16

Molecules of the same number and types of atoms but with different arrangements (e.g. glucose and galactose)

Question 17

Describe the impact of an enzyme on a chemical reaction.

Answer 17

ENZYMES HELPS CHEMICAL REACTIONS TAKE PLACE WITH LESS ENERGY.

Question 18

Define catalyzed and uncatalyzed:

Answer 18

CATALYZED: ENZYME IS PRESENT IN CHEMICAL REACTION. UNCATALYZED: ENZYME IS NOT PRESENT

Question 19

Denaturation:

Answer 19

Change in a protein’s complex 3D shape that causes the biological activity to be impaired or cease. Happens because of a change in temp or pH

Question 20

What is an enzyme?

Answer 20

Globular protein with a unique active site

Question 21

Increasing the substrate or enzyme concentration _________ the rate of reaction.

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

What is true of chemical energy?

Answer 22

Chemical energy is a form of potential energy, used for synthesis of molecules, and used to establish concentration gradients.

Question 23

What determines reaction rate in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Answer 23

the energy required to break existing bonds and the activation energy

Question 24

A cofactor is a ______ structure associated with a particular enzyme. (it assists enzymes)

Answer 24

nonprotein

Question 25

If further increases in substrate concentration do not result in further increases in reaction rate, then an enzyme is likely _________

Answer 25

saturated