chemical process safety Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?
A
HAZOP
2
Q
How toxicants enters into organism?
A
Ingestion, Injection, Inhalation
3
Q
Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called
A
Thresold Limit Value
4
Q
Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of
A
Industrial Hygiene
5
Q
Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel
A
Exothermic oxidation
6
Q
………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases
A
Explosion
7
Q
…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.
A
Fire point
8
Q
An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as
A
Confined Explosion
9
Q
Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..
A
Ambient heat, Valve failures
10
Q
For material handling which is wrong
statement………
A
Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available.
11
Q
Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working environment?
A
OSHA
12
Q
Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..
A
Safety Review/Audit/Inspection, HAZAN, HAZOP
13
Q
Which of the following is not Guide word of HAZOP?
A
NAND
14
Q
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC
A
inerting
15
Q
Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………
A
Under atmospheric
pressure
16
Q
The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.
A
Hazard identification
17
Q
Hazard is defined as the probability of
A
suffering harm or loss
18
Q
……….. occurs when a tank
containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.
A
Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion
19
Q
for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound
A
deflagration
20
Q
Static electricity is generated when
A
mists or sprays pass
through orifices
21
Q
The MIE depends on the
A
specific chemical or mixture, concentration. pressure and temperature
22
Q
An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas
A
Mechanical explosion
23
Q
The essential elements for
……………… are fuel, an oxidizer,
and an ignition source
A
Fire triangle
24
Q
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
A
Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference
25
OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with
PPE
26
ED stands for
Effective dose
27
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.
Toxicological
28
During the ……………...phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.
Evaluation
29
The unit-specific technical
requirements are designed to ……
Prevent the release of
HW
30
What are the steps involved in
evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification
and dose-response
evaluation
31
establishes the
relationship between the
contaminant/s of concern and the
receptor.
Toxicity assessment
32
Which of the following is not
characteristics of hazardous waste?
Leakage
33
Results from long-term exposure to
lower doses of a chemical is known
as ________
Chronic toxicity
34
Which of the following chemical is
responsible for acute lung disease
from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
35
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium
and Cyanide effects _________
Nervous system
36
______ represents a contact
between a chemical agent and an
object.
Exposure
37
Under the OSH Act, employers are
responsible for providing a
Safe workplace
38
OSHA was created to _________
To reduce hazards
39
How is sensitivity analysed in risk
estimation?
By critical assumptions
40
An incident can be called hazardous
only when?
Stressor has the
potential to cause
harm to humans and
ecological systems
41
What is the main purpose of hazard
identification?
To characterize adverse
effect of toxins
42
Doses are expressed on a
_________ basis.
Body-weight
43
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
44
Which of the following valve is known
as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
45
When did Seveso accident occur?
1976
46
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral
LD50 concentration should be
_______ mg/kg.
2500
47
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long
term exposure
48
The gauge pressure during normal
service, usually 10% below the
MAWP known as
Operating pressure
49
Pressure relief systems are required
for which of the following reasons
to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment, to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets,
50
Why does site history have to be
considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site
51
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and
concentration
52
Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
53
Which of the following risk
assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
54
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterisation
55
The toxicological end point for dose-
response relationship should be
_________
Definitive
56
For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.
Reasonable worst case
57
What is the main goal of risk
management?
Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population
58
Elements of safe chemical storage
program consist of
Inventory of Chemicals, labelling of chemicals, segregating incompatibles
59
The FAR reports the number of
fatalities based on 1000 employees
working their entire lifetime. The
employees are assumed to work a
total of 50 years.
FAR
60
The last step of accident process
Termination
61
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for
______
a dose that will kill
50% of an exposed
population
62
The pressure difference between the
relief set pressure and the relief
reseating pressure. It is expressed as
a percentage of the set pressure.
Blowdown
63
What is the most common approach
used to asses skin exposure to a
contaminant?
using pad or
dosimeters to determine
the amount of
contaminant deposited
on the skin
64
this American federal act was the first
know legal adoption of standards for
allowable concentrations of chemicals
in workplace air
Walsh-healey Public Contract Act
65
The most well known OEls are established by
ACGIH
66
The ACGIH TLVs
are science based
67
If three of the following are said to be
exposure limits for chemical X, which
one is likely to be the ceiling limit
1000ppm
68
The definition of the ACGIH
TLV_STELs refer to certain health
effects that must be avoided. these do
not include
carcinogenicity
69
Which organization is widely
recognized around the world as
setting exposure limits for ionizing
radiation
International
commission on
Radiological
Protection (ICRP)
70
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets
standards for
ionizing radiation
71
Which is not one of the main forms in
which chemicals are present in the
workplace
fibers
72
Chemical scause two main kinds of
health effects
local effects and poisoning
73
Who said it is the dose only that
makes a thing not a poison
Paracelsus
74
a dose response curve illustrating
acute toxicity usually has
a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve
75
If the dose response curves of three
chemicals are shown on the same
graph, the one which intersects the x-
axis (dose) at the lowest dose is
the most poisonous
76
the most common type of LD 50 test involves
an oral dose
77
For any given chemical, a high LD 50
value generally means
low toxicity
78
Which statement about ingestion as a
route of entry into the workers body by
workplace chemicals is incorrect
ingestion is usually
a significant way in
which chemicals gain
entry into the body
79
the two main categories of skin
irritation caused by chemicals are
inflammation and
corrosion
80
An example of a workplace chemical
that can damage the kidneys
specifically is
lead salts
81
Which is not a chemical known to
specifically damage the kidney
vinyl chloride
82
Which is not one of the four main
types of skin exposures
radiological
83
What violations are most commonly
cited by OSHA?
Fall protection
84
What is the leading cause of death on
construction sites?
Falls
85
Which of the following is not a
chemical-related health hazard?
Reactivity
86
Rubber insulating gloves need to be
tested:
Before first use and
then every 6 months
87
Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?
HAZOP
88
Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called…
Thresold Limit Value
89
Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of…….
Industrial Hygiene
90
Fire is rapid-------- of ignited fuel.
Exothermic oxidation
91
………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases
Explosion
92
…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.
Fire point
93
During the ……………...phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.
Evaluation
94
Why does site history have to be
considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site
95
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and concentration
96
Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
97
Which of the following risk
assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
98
What is the final stage of risk
assessment?
Risk characterisation
99
The toxicological end point for dose-
response relationship should be
_________
Definitive
100
For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.
Reasonable worst case
101
What is the main goal of risk
management?
Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population
102
Each chemical family is to be separated by
Non-combustible partition
103
Which of the following should not be stored near organic acids
Oxidizing mineral acids
104
Which of the following to be referred during storage of specific chemicals
Chemical Storage Guide
105
Acetic acid is both
Corrosive acid and combustible liquid
106
Flammable and combustible liquids are to stored in
Flammable storage cabinets
107
Inerting is the process of adding an inert gas to a combustible mixture to reduce
the
Least Oxygen Concentration
108
The _____________ purging process adds purge gas into a vessel at one
opening and withdraws the mixed gas from the vessel to the atmosphere (or
scrubber) from
Sweep-through
109
When charged liquid droplets or solid particles settle on an isolated object, the
object is charged then it is a
Charging by transport
110
is applicable only to materials that are electrically conductive
Induction charging
111
Spark Discharge is a discharge between two
Metallic objects
112
A _________ is a discharge from a grounded conductor when it approaches a charged insulator that is backed by a conductor
Propagating brush discharge
113
The purpose of ventilation is to dilute the _______ with air to prevent explosion
and to confine the ______ mixtures.
Explosive vapors; hazardous flammable
114
While storing of chemicals in store rooms the care must be taken for the leaks,
spills and
drips
115
Prevent chemicals from running down sink, floor, or
Storm water drains
116
An inerting system is required to maintain an inert atmosphere in the _______ above the liquid.
Vapour space
117
vacuum purging is a common procedure for which of the following
reactors
118
vessel is pressurized with pure nitrogen, the number of moles of oxygen________ during pressurization, whereas the mole fraction
Remains constant; decreases
119
In _________ Purging results are defined by assuming perfect mixing within the
vessel, constant temperature, and constant pressure.
sweep-through purging
120
The _______ process requires large quantities of nitrogen
sweep-through purging
121
The _________ process starts by filling the vessel with liquid - water or any liquid Compatible with the product.
Siphon purging
122
In ____ purging the oxygen concentration is decreased to low concentrations
Siphon purging
123
During equipment design for unavoidable ________ design features are added to
continuously and reliably inert the atmosphere around the regions where static
sparks are likely.
Static build-up
124
Static charge build-up is a result of physically separating a _____ from a good
conductor or another poor conductor.
Poor conductor
125
The following is indirect cost of accident
Cost of lost time of injured worker
126
Check list for Job Safety Analysis (JSA) consists of
Work area, material, machine, tools
127
safety programme consists of
Four E’s
128
Which of the following colour is used for radiation hazard?
Purple
129
Decibel (db) is a unit used to measure
sound
130
Class-A fire consists of fire due to
wood
131
Water is used to extinguish
Class-A fires
132
The following class of fire occur in electrical equipment
Class-C fires
133
The following extinguisher is suitable for cotton or other textile fire
Dry chemicals
134
is best suited to extinguishing oil or flammable liquid fire.
Foam
