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chemical process safety Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?

A

HAZOP

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2
Q

How toxicants enters into organism?

A

Ingestion, Injection, Inhalation

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3
Q

Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called

A

Thresold Limit Value

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4
Q

Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of

A

Industrial Hygiene

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5
Q

Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel

A

Exothermic oxidation

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6
Q

………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases

A

Explosion

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7
Q

…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.

A

Fire point

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8
Q

An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as

A

Confined Explosion

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9
Q

Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..

A

Ambient heat, Valve failures

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10
Q

For material handling which is wrong
statement………

A

Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available.

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11
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working environment?

A

OSHA

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12
Q

Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..

A

Safety Review/Audit/Inspection, HAZAN, HAZOP

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13
Q

Which of the following is not Guide word of HAZOP?

A

NAND

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14
Q

Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC

A

inerting

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15
Q

Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………

A

Under atmospheric
pressure

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16
Q

The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.

A

Hazard identification

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17
Q

Hazard is defined as the probability of

A

suffering harm or loss

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18
Q

……….. occurs when a tank
containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.

A

Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion

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19
Q

for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound

A

deflagration

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20
Q

Static electricity is generated when

A

mists or sprays pass
through orifices

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21
Q

The MIE depends on the

A

specific chemical or mixture, concentration. pressure and temperature

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22
Q

An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas

A

Mechanical explosion

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23
Q

The essential elements for
……………… are fuel, an oxidizer,
and an ignition source

A

Fire triangle

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24
Q

What is toxicity equivalence factor?

A

Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference

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25
Q

OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with

A

PPE

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26
Q

ED stands for

A

Effective dose

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27
Q

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.

A

Toxicological

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28
Q

During the ………………phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.

A

Evaluation

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29
Q

The unit-specific technical
requirements are designed to ……

A

Prevent the release of
HW

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30
Q

What are the steps involved in
evaluation of toxicity?

A

hazard identification
and dose-response
evaluation

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31
Q

establishes the
relationship between the
contaminant/s of concern and the
receptor.

A

Toxicity assessment

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32
Q

Which of the following is not
characteristics of hazardous waste?

A

Leakage

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33
Q

Results from long-term exposure to
lower doses of a chemical is known
as ________

A

Chronic toxicity

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34
Q

Which of the following chemical is
responsible for acute lung disease
from Bhopal gas tragedy?

A

Methylisocyanate

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35
Q

Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium
and Cyanide effects _________

A

Nervous system

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36
Q

______ represents a contact
between a chemical agent and an
object.

A

Exposure

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37
Q

Under the OSH Act, employers are
responsible for providing a

A

Safe workplace

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38
Q

OSHA was created to _________

A

To reduce hazards

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39
Q

How is sensitivity analysed in risk
estimation?

A

By critical assumptions

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40
Q

An incident can be called hazardous
only when?

A

Stressor has the
potential to cause
harm to humans and
ecological systems

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41
Q

What is the main purpose of hazard
identification?

A

To characterize adverse
effect of toxins

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42
Q

Doses are expressed on a
_________ basis.

A

Body-weight

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43
Q

Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______

A

Threshold

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44
Q

Which of the following valve is known
as a safety valve?

A

Pressure relief valve

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45
Q

When did Seveso accident occur?

A

1976

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46
Q

A waste to be called toxic, acute oral
LD50 concentration should be
_______ mg/kg.

A

2500

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47
Q

What is chronic toxicity?

A

Effects due to long
term exposure

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48
Q

The gauge pressure during normal
service, usually 10% below the
MAWP known as

A

Operating pressure

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49
Q

Pressure relief systems are required
for which of the following reasons

A

to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment, to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets,

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50
Q

Why does site history have to be
considered for hazard identification?

A

To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site

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51
Q

Hazard identification mainly focus on

A

Chemical source and
concentration

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52
Q

Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of

A

Doses by exposure rate

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53
Q

Which of the following risk
assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?

A

Exposure assessment

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54
Q

What is the final stage of risk assessment?

A

Risk characterisation

55
Q

The toxicological end point for dose-
response relationship should be
_________

A

Definitive

56
Q

For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.

A

Reasonable worst case

57
Q

What is the main goal of risk
management?

A

Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population

58
Q

Elements of safe chemical storage
program consist of

A

Inventory of Chemicals, labelling of chemicals, segregating incompatibles

59
Q

The FAR reports the number of
fatalities based on 1000 employees
working their entire lifetime. The
employees are assumed to work a
total of 50 years.

A

FAR

60
Q

The last step of accident process

A

Termination

61
Q

LD50 in a toxicity test stands for
______

A

a dose that will kill
50% of an exposed
population

62
Q

The pressure difference between the
relief set pressure and the relief
reseating pressure. It is expressed as
a percentage of the set pressure.

A

Blowdown

63
Q

What is the most common approach
used to asses skin exposure to a
contaminant?

A

using pad or
dosimeters to determine
the amount of
contaminant deposited
on the skin

64
Q

this American federal act was the first
know legal adoption of standards for
allowable concentrations of chemicals
in workplace air

A

Walsh-healey Public Contract Act

65
Q

The most well known OEls are established by

A

ACGIH

66
Q

The ACGIH TLVs

A

are science based

67
Q

If three of the following are said to be
exposure limits for chemical X, which
one is likely to be the ceiling limit

A

1000ppm

68
Q

The definition of the ACGIH
TLV_STELs refer to certain health
effects that must be avoided. these do
not include

A

carcinogenicity

69
Q

Which organization is widely
recognized around the world as
setting exposure limits for ionizing
radiation

A

International
commission on
Radiological
Protection (ICRP)

70
Q

Which is not an agent ACGIH sets
standards for

A

ionizing radiation

71
Q

Which is not one of the main forms in
which chemicals are present in the
workplace

A

fibers

72
Q

Chemical scause two main kinds of
health effects

A

local effects and poisoning

73
Q

Who said it is the dose only that
makes a thing not a poison

A

Paracelsus

74
Q

a dose response curve illustrating
acute toxicity usually has

A

a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve

75
Q

If the dose response curves of three
chemicals are shown on the same
graph, the one which intersects the x-
axis (dose) at the lowest dose is

A

the most poisonous

76
Q

the most common type of LD 50 test involves

A

an oral dose

77
Q

For any given chemical, a high LD 50
value generally means

A

low toxicity

78
Q

Which statement about ingestion as a
route of entry into the workers body by
workplace chemicals is incorrect

A

ingestion is usually
a significant way in
which chemicals gain
entry into the body

79
Q

the two main categories of skin
irritation caused by chemicals are

A

inflammation and
corrosion

80
Q

An example of a workplace chemical
that can damage the kidneys
specifically is

A

lead salts

81
Q

Which is not a chemical known to
specifically damage the kidney

A

vinyl chloride

82
Q

Which is not one of the four main
types of skin exposures

A

radiological

83
Q

What violations are most commonly
cited by OSHA?

A

Fall protection

84
Q

What is the leading cause of death on
construction sites?

A

Falls

85
Q

Which of the following is not a
chemical-related health hazard?

A

Reactivity

86
Q

Rubber insulating gloves need to be
tested:

A

Before first use and
then every 6 months

87
Q

Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?

A

HAZOP

88
Q

Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called…

A

Thresold Limit Value

89
Q

Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of…….

A

Industrial Hygiene

90
Q

Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel.

A

Exothermic oxidation

91
Q

………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases

A

Explosion

92
Q

…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.

A

Fire point

93
Q

During the ………………phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.

A

Evaluation

94
Q

Why does site history have to be
considered for hazard identification?

A

To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site

95
Q

Hazard identification mainly focus on

A

Chemical source and concentration

96
Q

Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of

A

Doses by exposure rate

97
Q

Which of the following risk
assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?

A

Exposure assessment

98
Q

What is the final stage of risk
assessment?

A

Risk characterisation

99
Q

The toxicological end point for dose-
response relationship should be
_________

A

Definitive

100
Q

For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.

A

Reasonable worst case

101
Q

What is the main goal of risk
management?

A

Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population

102
Q

Each chemical family is to be separated by

A

Non-combustible partition

103
Q

Which of the following should not be stored near organic acids

A

Oxidizing mineral acids

104
Q

Which of the following to be referred during storage of specific chemicals

A

Chemical Storage Guide

105
Q

Acetic acid is both

A

Corrosive acid and combustible liquid

106
Q

Flammable and combustible liquids are to stored in

A

Flammable storage cabinets

107
Q

Inerting is the process of adding an inert gas to a combustible mixture to reduce
the

A

Least Oxygen Concentration

108
Q

The _____________ purging process adds purge gas into a vessel at one
opening and withdraws the mixed gas from the vessel to the atmosphere (or
scrubber) from

A

Sweep-through

109
Q

When charged liquid droplets or solid particles settle on an isolated object, the
object is charged then it is a

A

Charging by transport

110
Q

is applicable only to materials that are electrically conductive

A

Induction charging

111
Q

Spark Discharge is a discharge between two

A

Metallic objects

112
Q

A _________ is a discharge from a grounded conductor when it approaches a charged insulator that is backed by a conductor

A

Propagating brush discharge

113
Q

The purpose of ventilation is to dilute the _______ with air to prevent explosion
and to confine the ______ mixtures.

A

Explosive vapors; hazardous flammable

114
Q

While storing of chemicals in store rooms the care must be taken for the leaks,
spills and

A

drips

115
Q

Prevent chemicals from running down sink, floor, or

A

Storm water drains

116
Q

An inerting system is required to maintain an inert atmosphere in the _______ above the liquid.

A

Vapour space

117
Q

vacuum purging is a common procedure for which of the following

A

reactors

118
Q

vessel is pressurized with pure nitrogen, the number of moles of oxygen________ during pressurization, whereas the mole fraction

A

Remains constant; decreases

119
Q

In _________ Purging results are defined by assuming perfect mixing within the
vessel, constant temperature, and constant pressure.

A

sweep-through purging

120
Q

The _______ process requires large quantities of nitrogen

A

sweep-through purging

121
Q

The _________ process starts by filling the vessel with liquid - water or any liquid Compatible with the product.

A

Siphon purging

122
Q

In ____ purging the oxygen concentration is decreased to low concentrations

A

Siphon purging

123
Q

During equipment design for unavoidable ________ design features are added to
continuously and reliably inert the atmosphere around the regions where static
sparks are likely.

A

Static build-up

124
Q

Static charge build-up is a result of physically separating a _____ from a good
conductor or another poor conductor.

A

Poor conductor

125
Q

The following is indirect cost of accident

A

Cost of lost time of injured worker

126
Q

Check list for Job Safety Analysis (JSA) consists of

A

Work area, material, machine, tools

127
Q

safety programme consists of

A

Four E’s

128
Q

Which of the following colour is used for radiation hazard?

A

Purple

129
Q

Decibel (db) is a unit used to measure

A

sound

130
Q

Class-A fire consists of fire due to

A

wood

131
Q

Water is used to extinguish

A

Class-A fires

132
Q

The following class of fire occur in electrical equipment

A

Class-C fires

133
Q

The following extinguisher is suitable for cotton or other textile fire

A

Dry chemicals

134
Q

is best suited to extinguishing oil or flammable liquid fire.

A

Foam

cps mcq (2 decks)

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