Chemical Pathology Pt. 2

Question 1

What does Vit B1 deficiency lead to?

Answer 1

• Beri Beri
• Neuropathy
• Wernicke Syndrome

Question 2

How is Vit B1 tested?

Answer 2

• RBC

- Transkelotase

Question 3

What does Vit B2 deficiency lead to?

Answer 3

• Glossitis

Question 4

How is Vit B2 tested?

Answer 4

• RBC glutathione reductase

Question 5

What does Vit B6 deficiency lead to?

Answer 5

• Dermatitis/anaemia

Question 6

What does Vit B6 excess lead to?

Answer 6

• Neuropathy

Question 7

How is Vit B6 tested?

Answer 7

• RBC AST activation

Question 8

What does Vit B12 deficiency lead to?

Answer 8

• Pernicious anaemia

Question 9

How is Vit B12 tested?

Answer 9

• Serum B12

Question 10

What does Vit C deficiency lead to?

Answer 10

• Scurvy

Question 11

What does excess Vit C lead to?

Answer 11

• Renal stones

Question 12

How is Vit C tested?

Answer 12

• Plasma

Question 13

What does folate deficiency lead to?

Answer 13

• Megaloblastic anaemia

- Neural tube defect

Question 14

How is folate tested?

Answer 14

• RBC

- Folate

Question 15

What does Vit B3 deficiency lead to?

Answer 15

• Pellagra- 3Ds: Dementia, Dermatits, Diarrhoea

Question 16

What does iron deficiency lead to?

Answer 16

• Hypochromic anaemia

Question 17

What does excess iron lead to?

Answer 17

• Haemochromatosis

Question 18

How is iron tested?

Answer 18

• FBC
• Iroon
• Ferritin

Question 19

What does iodine deficiency lead to?

Answer 19

• Goitre

- Hypothyroid

Question 20

What does zinc deficiency lead to?

Answer 20

• Dermatitis

Question 21

What does copper deficiency lead to?

Answer 21

• Anaemia

Question 22

What does excess copper lead to?

Answer 22

• Wilson’s

Question 23

How is copper tested?

Answer 23

• Cu

- Caeroplasmin

Question 24

How is obesity treated?

Answer 24

• Exclude endocrine cause
• Exclude complications of obesity
• Educate
• Diet and exercise
• Medical therapy (Orlistat, GLP-1 agonist)
• Surgical therapy

Question 25

What are health benefits of bariatric surgery?

Answer 25

- Resolution/improvement of T2DM - Resolution/improvement of hypertension - Improved lipid profile - Resulting in overall reduction in cardiac risk - Resolution of obstructive sleep apnoea - Resolution of PCOS and improved fertility - Reduced cancer related deaths - Regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Reduced mortality

Question 26

What is Marasmus?

Answer 26

- Shrivelled - Growth retarded - Severe muscle wasting - No s/c fat

Question 27

What are features of Kwashiorkor?

Answer 27

- Oedematous - Scaling/ulcerated - Lethargic - Large liver, s/c fat - Protein deficient

Question 28

Describe Crohns Disease

Answer 28

- Terminal ileal disease can lead to B12 deficiency and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) deficiency - Folate deficiency can be present in patients on methotrexate therapy - Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and zinc can be deranged if there is high output/chronic diarrhoea

Question 29

What deficiencies are in Coeliac Disease?

Answer 29

- Iron deficiency | - Vitamins ADEK, thiamine, Vitamin B6

Question 30

What deficiencies are in chronic liver disease?

Answer 30

- Vitamins ADEK, B12, Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, folate

Question 31

What is a feature of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 31

- Protein energy wasting syndrome

Question 32

What deficiencies are in pancreatic insufficiency?

Answer 32

- Vitamin ADEK