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Year 5 Path > Chemical Pathology Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chemical Pathology Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Vit B1 deficiency lead to?

A
  • Beri Beri
  • Neuropathy
  • Wernicke Syndrome
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2
Q

How is Vit B1 tested?

A
  • RBC

- Transkelotase

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3
Q

What does Vit B2 deficiency lead to?

A
  • Glossitis
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4
Q

How is Vit B2 tested?

A
  • RBC glutathione reductase
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5
Q

What does Vit B6 deficiency lead to?

A
  • Dermatitis/anaemia
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6
Q

What does Vit B6 excess lead to?

A
  • Neuropathy
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7
Q

How is Vit B6 tested?

A
  • RBC AST activation
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8
Q

What does Vit B12 deficiency lead to?

A
  • Pernicious anaemia
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9
Q

How is Vit B12 tested?

A
  • Serum B12
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10
Q

What does Vit C deficiency lead to?

A
  • Scurvy
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11
Q

What does excess Vit C lead to?

A
  • Renal stones
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12
Q

How is Vit C tested?

A
  • Plasma
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13
Q

What does folate deficiency lead to?

A
  • Megaloblastic anaemia

- Neural tube defect

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14
Q

How is folate tested?

A
  • RBC

- Folate

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15
Q

What does Vit B3 deficiency lead to?

A
  • Pellagra- 3Ds: Dementia, Dermatits, Diarrhoea
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16
Q

What does iron deficiency lead to?

A
  • Hypochromic anaemia
17
Q

What does excess iron lead to?

A
  • Haemochromatosis
18
Q

How is iron tested?

A
  • FBC
  • Iroon
  • Ferritin
19
Q

What does iodine deficiency lead to?

A
  • Goitre

- Hypothyroid

20
Q

What does zinc deficiency lead to?

A
  • Dermatitis
21
Q

What does copper deficiency lead to?

A
  • Anaemia
22
Q

What does excess copper lead to?

A
  • Wilson’s
23
Q

How is copper tested?

A
  • Cu

- Caeroplasmin

24
Q

How is obesity treated?

A
  • Exclude endocrine cause
  • Exclude complications of obesity
  • Educate
  • Diet and exercise
  • Medical therapy (Orlistat, GLP-1 agonist)
  • Surgical therapy
25
Q

What are health benefits of bariatric surgery?

A
  • Resolution/improvement of T2DM
  • Resolution/improvement of hypertension
  • Improved lipid profile
  • Resulting in overall reduction in cardiac risk
  • Resolution of obstructive sleep apnoea
  • Resolution of PCOS and improved fertility
  • Reduced cancer related deaths
  • Regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Reduced mortality
26
Q

What is Marasmus?

A
  • Shrivelled
  • Growth retarded
  • Severe muscle wasting
  • No s/c fat
27
Q

What are features of Kwashiorkor?

A
  • Oedematous
  • Scaling/ulcerated
  • Lethargic
  • Large liver, s/c fat
  • Protein deficient
28
Q

Describe Crohns Disease

A
  • Terminal ileal disease can lead to B12 deficiency and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) deficiency
  • Folate deficiency can be present in patients on methotrexate therapy
  • Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and zinc can be deranged if there is high output/chronic diarrhoea
29
Q

What deficiencies are in Coeliac Disease?

A
  • Iron deficiency

- Vitamins ADEK, thiamine, Vitamin B6

30
Q

What deficiencies are in chronic liver disease?

A
  • Vitamins ADEK, B12, Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, folate
31
Q

What is a feature of chronic kidney disease?

A
  • Protein energy wasting syndrome
32
Q

What deficiencies are in pancreatic insufficiency?

A
  • Vitamin ADEK

Year 5 Path (3 decks)

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