Chemical Organization Flashcards
What is matter
Made up of atoms, takes up space, and has mass
What is Mass
The amount of material in matter, which determines weight
What are the subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Electron shell model
The two dimensional representation of the electron cloud
Element
Pure substance made up of just one kind of atoms
Most common elements in humans
Oxygen, Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Versions of the same element which have nuclei containing different #’s of neutrons
Isotopes
An isotope whose nucleus readily decays, giving off subatomic particles and electromagnetic energy
Radioisotope
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Cation
A positively charged ion
The sharing of electron pairs
Covalent bond
The capacity to do work
Energy
Movement of an object or change in matter
Work
Energy of Motion; transferred to object
Kenetic energy
Stored energy; converted back to kinetic
Potential energy
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds
Chemical energy
The relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism (80 watts)
Biological energy
Stored energy
Endergonic
Released energy
Exergonic energy
Types of chemical reactions
Decomposition (Catabolism), Synthesis (Anabolism), Exchange, Reversible, Oxidation-Reduction(OIL-RIG)
Dissolves another substance
Solvent
Thing being dissolved
Solute
Uniform mixture of solvent & solute
Solution
Inorganic ions that conduct electricity when dissolved in water ( salts, acids, & bases)
Electrolytes
A solution containing dispersed proteins or other large molecules
Colloid
Contains large particles that settle out of a solution
Suspension
The Ionic compound containing any cation except H+ and any anion except OH-
Salt
Stabilize pH of a solution by removing or replacing H+
Buffers
A substance that does not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen as their primary structure
Inorganic Compounds
Molecules containing Carbon & Hydrogen
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds that always contain carbon
Carbohydrates
