Chemical Organisation Flashcards
Matter =
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Elements=
Essential substances that have one type of atom and compose matter e.g. Fe, C, H
Inert atoms =
Chemically inactive atoms
Ions =
Atoms that gain or lose electrons
+ve charged ion =
Cation
-ve Charged ion =
Anion
Ionic Bonds are …
Between a metal and a non-metal
+ve and -ve ions attract
Covalent bonds are …
Between 2 non-metals and share electrons
Molecules are …
Any chemical structure consisting of atoms that are bonded by covalent bonds
Compound =
Substance made up of 2 types of atoms e.g. CO2
Synthesis reactions …
Where 2 or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure requiring energy to form new chemical bonds
e.g. For growth and repair
Decomposition reactions …
Where bonds within a reactive molecule are broken releasing energy and forming simpler atoms/molecules
e.g. Absorption of nutrients
Exchange reactions …
Where both synthesis and decomposition occur to make a new product
e.g. Acid + Base = Water + Salt
HCl + NaOH –> NaCl + H2O
Reversible reactions …
Where the products of the reaction turn back into reactants. Depends on the proportion of reactants/products and how much energy is required.
e.g. Oxyhaemoglobin (Oxygen dissociation)
What do organic chemicals consist of?
Long-chain hydrocarbons linked by covalent bonds
What are nucleic acids?
Large organic molecules that carry genetic information and form structures in cells.
The main use of carbohydrates in the body?
They are the major energy fuel for the body cells
The function of fats in the body?
They provide a reserve of energy and insulate the body
How much water makes up cells?
60 - 80 % of cell volume is water
What does the Bicarbonate buffer system do?
Maintains the pH homeostasis of the blood
