Chemical Level

Question 1

includes many chemistry concepts: atoms and how they bond to form molecules, water and how it is the basis for solutions in the body, acids and how they are measured by pH, organic molecules and their importance in the body, and chemical reactions, such as cellular respiration. We begin our exploration with the basics.

Answer 1

Chemical Level

Question 2

the most common elements in the human body listed in periodic table by weight. (ochncpsp)

Answer 2

•Oxygen
•Carbon
•Hydrogen
•Nitrogen
•Calcium
•Phosphorus
•Sulfur
•Potassium

Question 3

the number of protons for each element is fixed and is indicated by the

Answer 3

Atomic Number

Question 4

is the combined number of protons and neutrons.

Answer 4

Atomic Mass

Question 5

are atoms that have the same number of protons as every other atom of that element but have a different number of neutrons.

Answer 5

Isotopes

Question 6

a very stable bond and is often formed by carbon atoms, occurs when two or more atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells.

Answer 6

Covalent Bond

Question 7

two or more atoms bind together to form a molecule by giving up or receiving electrons from each other to fill their outer shells.

Answer 7

Ionic Bond

Question 8

atoms with a charge are called

Answer 8

Ions

Question 9

a weak bond that occurs between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen or nitrogen atom. they are responsible for holding water molecules together.

Answer 9

Hydrogen Bond

Question 10

a weak bond that occurs between a positively charged hydrogen atom and a negatively charged oxygen or nitrogen atom. they are responsible for holding water molecules together.

Answer 10

Hydrogen Bond

Question 11

refers to the amount of solute present in a solution relative to the amount of solvent.

Answer 11

Concentration

Question 12

this is used when comparing solutions.

Answer 12

Tonicity

Question 13

it is more concentrated with solutes than the other solution.

Answer 13

Hypertonic

Question 14

it has the same concentration of solutes as the other solution.

Answer 14

Isotonic

Question 15

it is less concentrated with solutes than the other solution.

Answer 15

Hypotonic

Question 16

percentage of H2O in human body

Answer 16

50% - 75%

Question 17

the four major types of organic molecules are
(CarLiProNu)

Answer 17

•Carbohydrates
•Lipids
•Proteins
•Nucleic Acids

Question 18

serves key functions in the body. You have just seen one of them-it can separate ionically bonded atoms into ions to create electrolytes.

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

simplest form of carbohydrates and the building blocks of carbohydrates.

Answer 19

Monosaccharides

Question 20

two combined monosaccharides forming a single molecule is called

Answer 20

Disaccharide

Question 21

stringed monosaccharides together like beads in a necklace to form a single molecule is called

Answer 21

Polysaccharide

Question 22

the two building blocks of lipids

Answer 22

•Fatty Acids
•Glycerol

Question 23

three types of lipids

Answer 23

•Fats
•Steroids
•Phospholipids

Question 24

the building blocks for proteins

Answer 24

20 different amino acids

Question 25

building blocks for nucleic acids

Answer 25

Nucleotides

Question 26

your DNA contains all of the genetic information that is you. It is not written in English; it is written in DNA language called the

Answer 26

Genetic Code

Question 27

is the sequence of DNA that must be read to give you the directions to make one specific protein.

Answer 27

Gene

Question 28

it is one of the most important chemical reactions in the body.

Answer 28

Cellular Respiration