Chemical Hazards Flashcards
The rate at which the body can counteract the effects of a poisonous substance is
Rate of detoxification
The rate which the body reacts to or is affected by the agent is
Rate of action
How long a chemical agent will remain in the area is
Persistency
The __________ Plays a large role in the persistency of a chemical agent.
Weather
A chemical agent remains volatile and near the ground during an ________
Inversion
Chemical exposure symptoms will be displayed earliest through _________
Inhalation
What does vapor density determine for chemical agents?
Whether the agent is lighter or heavier than air.
When would be the optimal time for a terrorist to release a chemical agent?
Early morning.
G agent vapors are emitted (off gassing) from clothing for approximately ______ after initial contact
30 minutes
G agents smell _________
Fruity
V X liquid smells
Sulfur
Symptoms of nerve agent severe vapor exposure are
Cessation of breathing (apnea), or death
Symptoms of nerve agent severe liquid exposure are
Apnea or death
What symptoms are associated with nerve agent poisoning?
Running nose, salivation, tightness in chest, dimness of vision, pinpointing pupils, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, coma, convulsions, and death
What hazard should you consider when dealing with personnel exposed to a nerve agent?
Off gassing of vapors.
How persistent are blister agents?
All blister agents are persistent long term hazards.
What does mustard gas H, HD smell like?
Garlic, mustard seed or horseradish.
What is the rate of detoxification of lewisite (arsenical)?
None. The body does not detoxify lewisite.
What does lewisite smell like?
Geraniums.
What does phosgene oxime CX smell like?
Disagreeable, penetrating.
What are symptoms for eye contact with phosgene oxime vapors?
Marked swelling of lids, possible cornea damage, severe pain.
What are symptoms for respiratory contact with phosgene oxime vapors?
Runny nose, sneezing, nosebleed, hoarseness severe cough, and shortness of breath.
What symptoms are associated with blister agents (HD)?
Redness of the skin, blistering, inflammation of the eyes, nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, and lung tissue.
Describe the persistency of HD Mustard gas?
Persistent
What is the smell associated with HD?
Garlic or horseradish
What is the odor of blood agents Hydergine cyanide cyanogen chloride
Bitter almonds, or peach kernels
What is the vapor density of blood agents?
Lighter than air
What are the symptoms of blood agent exposure?
15 seconds – anxious and hyperventilate
30 seconds – seizures
Three – five minutes - breathing ceases
Six – 10 minutes – death
Which chemical agents does the body detoxify quickly with oxygen?
Blood agents AC, CK
What chemical agent is lighter than air?
Hydrogen cyanide AC
What is the primary without of entry for blood agents?
Respiratory tract
What produces phosgene?
A combination of chlorine and ammonia
What does phosgene CG smell like?
Newly mown hay.
What does chlorine CL smell like?
Bleach.
What symptoms are associated with choking agents?
Persistent coughing, choking, gagging, tightness in chest, shortness of breath.
Incapacitating agents cause _________ _________.
Temporary disability
What are incapacitating agents used for?
To cause physiological or mental effects that lead to temporary disability.
What are the symptoms of incapacitating agent BZ?
Fast heartbeat, dizziness, stupor, random activity.
What are the first aide measures for incapacitating agent BZ?
Medical management of the symptoms that appear.
Most military chemical munitions contain an ____ ____ _____ which can be easily modified for a firing system.
Integral explosive burster or expulsion charge
What mode of chemical shipment is at particular risk of terrorist attack or Saft?
Tankcars shipped by rail or over the road.
How do most military chemical munitions disseminate an agent?
An integral explosives burster
