Chemical Hazards

Question 0

What is an elixir?

Answer 0

Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor.

Question 1

What is a capsule?

Answer 1

Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelatinous container; may also be called liquigel.

Question 2

What is an enteric coated medication?

Answer 2

A tablet or pill coated to prevent stomach irritation.

Question 3

What is a liniment?

Answer 3

Medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soap which is rubbed on the skin.

Question 4

What is a lotion?

Answer 4

Drug particles in a solution for topical use.

Question 5

What is a lozenge?

Answer 5

Small, oval, round, or oblong preparation containing a drug in a flavored or sweetened base, which dissolves in the mouth and releases the medication; also called troche.

Question 6

What is an ointment?

Answer 6

Semisolid preparation containing a drug to be applied externally; also called unction.

Question 7

What is a pill?

Answer 7

Mixture of a powdered drug with a cohesive material; may be round or oval.

Question 8

What is a powder?

Answer 8

Single or mixture of finely ground drugs.

Question 9

What is a solution?

Answer 9

A drug dissolved in another substance (e.g., in an aqueous solution)

Question 10

What is a suppository?

Answer 10

An easily melted medication preparation in a firm base such as gelatin that is inserted into the body (rectum, vagina, urethra)

Question 11

What is a suspension?

Answer 11

Finely divided, undissolved particles in a liquid medium; should be shaken before use.

Question 12

What is a syrup?

Answer 12

Medication combined in a water and sugar solution.

Question 13

What is a tablet?

Answer 13

Small, solid dose of medication, compressed or molded; may be any color, size, or shape; enteric-coated tablets are coated with a substance that is insoluble in gastric acids to reduce gastric irritation by the drug.

Question 14

What is a transdermal patch?

Answer 14

Unit dose of medication applied directly to skin for diffusion through skin and absorption into the bloodstream.

Question 15

Definition of absorption

Answer 15

Process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream.

Question 16

Definition: adverse drug effect

Answer 16

Undesirable effects other than the intended therapeutic effect of a drug.

Question 17

Definition: allergic effect

Answer 17

Immune system response that occurs when the body interprets the administered drug as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug.

Question 18

Definition: ampule

Answer 18

Glass flask containing a single dose of medication for parenteral administration.

Question 19

Definition: anaphylactic reaction

Answer 19

Also known as anaphylaxis. Severe reaction occurring immediately after exposure to a drug; characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse.

Question 20

Definition: antagonist effect

Answer 20

Combined effect of two or more drugs that produces less than the effect of each drug alone.

Question 21

Definition: cumulative effect

Answer 21

Condition that occurs when the body cannot metabolize a drug before additional doses are administered.

Question 22

Definition: distribution

Answer 22

Movement of drugs by the circulatory system to the site of action.

Question 23

Definition: drug tolerance

Answer 23

Tendency of the body to become accustomed to a drug over time; larger doses are required to produce the desired effects.

Question 24

Definition: excretion

Answer 24

Removal of a drug from the body.

Question 25

Definition: generic name

Answer 25

Name assigned by the manufacturer who first develops a drug; it is often derived from the chemical name.

Question 26

Definition: half-life

Answer 26

The amount if time it takes for half a dose of a drug to be eliminated from the body.

Question 27

Definition: idiosyncratic effect

Answer 27

Unusual, unexpected response to a drug that may manifest itself by overexposure, underresponse, or response different from the expected outcome.

Question 28

Definition: inhalation

Answer 28

(1) act of breathing in, synonym for inspiration. (2) administration of a drug in solution via the respiratory tract.

Question 29

Definition: intradermal injection

Answer 29

Injection placed just below the epidermis.

Question 30

Definition: intramuscular injection

Answer 30

An injection into deep muscle tissue, usually of the buttock, thigh, or upper arm.

Question 31

Definition: intravenous route

Answer 31

Injection of a solution into the vein.

Question 32

Definition: metabolism

Answer 32

(1) chemical changes in the body by which energy is provided. (2) breakdown of a drug into an inactive form.

Question 33

Definition: Mini-infusion pump

Answer 33

Battery-operated pump for intermittent infusion allowing medication mixed in a syringe to be connected to the primary line and delivered by mechanical pressure applied to the syringe plunger.

Question 34

Definition: official name

Answer 34

Name by which a drug is identified in official publications.

Question 35

Definition: parenteral

Answer 35

Outside of intestines or alimentary canal; popularly used to refer to injection routes.

Question 36

Definition: peak level

Answer 36

Highest plasma concentration of a drug.

Question 37

Definition: pharmacodynamic

Answer 37

Process by which drugs alter cell physiology.

Question 38

Definition: pharmacokinetics

Answer 38

Movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to the drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Question 39

Definition: pharmacology

Answer 39

Study of actions of chemicals on living organisms.

Question 40

Definition: pharmacotheraputic

Answer 40

Dynamic that achieves the desired therapeutic effect of the drug without causing other undesirable effects.

Question 41

Definition: piggyback delivery system

Answer 41

Requires the intermittent or additive solution to be placed higher than the primary solution container.

Question 42

Definition: placebo

Answer 42

Latin word meaning “I shall please”; an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it.

Question 43

Definition: p.r.n. Order

Answer 43

Directives commonly written for treatment of symptoms “as needed”.

Question 44

Definition: stat order

Answer 44

Single order carried out immediately.

Question 45

Definition: subcutaneous injection

Answer 45

Injection into the subcutaneous tissue that lies between the epidermis and the muscle.

Question 46

Definition: synergistic effect

Answer 46

Combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the effect of each drug alone.

Question 47

Definition: teratogenic

Answer 47

Known to have potential to cause developmental defects in the embryo or fetus.

Question 48

Definition: therapeutic range

Answer 48

That concentration or drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity.

Question 49

Definition: topical application

Answer 49

Application of a substance directly to a body surface.

Question 50

Definition: toxic effect

Answer 50

(Toxicities) specific groups of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death.

Question 51

Definition: trade name

Answer 51

Drug name selected and trademarked by the company marketing the drug; also called brand name or proprietary name.

Question 52

Definition: trough level

Answer 52

The point when a drug is at it’s lowest concentration.

Question 53

Definition: vial

Answer 53

Glass bottle with self-sealing stopper through which medication is removed; may be single or multiple dose.

Question 54

Definition: volume-control administration set

Answer 54

Intermittent intravenous medication infusion diluted with a small amount of solution.

Question 55

Z-track technique

Answer 55

Technique used to administer medications intramuscularly that ensures the medication does not leak back along the needle track and into the subcutaneous tissue, reducing pain and discomfort.