Chemical Groups

Question 1

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 1

Made up of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom covalently bonded together.
Polar molecule, forms hydrogen bonds with water to help dissolve compounds like sugars.
Compound name: Alcohol

Question 2

Carbonyl Group

Answer 2

Consists of a double bond linking a carbonyl carbon atom and a carbonyl oxygen atom.
Polar molecule
Compound name: Ketone or Aldehyde

Question 3

Carboxyl Group

Answer 3

Consists of a carbon atom bonded to both a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group.
Polar molecule, acts an an acid (can donate H+) because of polar covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen.
Compound name: Carboxylic acid or organic acid

Question 4

Amino Group

Answer 4

Consists of a single nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
Polar molecule, acts as a base, can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution
Compound name: amine

Question 5

Sulfhydryl Group

Answer 5

Consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and an R group.
Polar molecule, two SH groups can react, forming a crosslink that helps stabilize protein structure
Compound name: Thiol

Question 6

Phosphate Group

Answer 6

Made up of a phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms.
Polar molecule, contributes negative charge. When attached, gives molecule ability to react with water, releasing energy
Compound name: Organic Phosphate

Question 7

Methyl Group

Answer 7

Made up of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms
Nonpolar molecule, affects expression of genes when bonded to DNA. Affects shape and function of male and female sex hormones.
Compound name: Methylated Compound