Chemical Formulae & Equations Flashcards
What are the 2 main types of chemical bonds?
Ionic and covalent bonds
What types of elements are involved in ionic bonding?
In ionic bonding, a metal and non-metal are involved.
How does ionic bonding work?
Ionic bonding works by the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal element, in order for both to achieve the duplet/octet electronic configuration.
What types of elements are involved in covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding occurs between non-metals.
How does covalent bonding work?
Covalent bonding works by sharing electrons between non-metal elements, in order for both to achieve the duplet/octet electronic configuration.
What is the chemical formula of a sodium ion?
Na^+
What is the chemical formula of a magnesium ion?
Mg^2+
What is the chemical formula of an iron (II) ion?
Fe^2+
What is the chemical formula of an iron (III) ion?
Fe^3+
What is the chemical formula of a copper (II) ion?
Cu^2+
What is the chemical formula of a zinc ion?
Zn^2+
What is the chemical formula of a silver ion?
Ag^+
What is the chemical formula of an aluminium ion?
Al^3+
What is the chemical formula of a nitrogen ion?
N^3-
What is the chemical formula of a sulfur ion?
S^2-
What is the chemical formula of an oxygen ion?
O^2-
What is the chemical formula of a chloride ion?
Cl^-
What is the chemical formula of a bromide ion?
Br^-
What is the chemical formula of an iodide ion?
I^-
What is the chemical formula of a sulfate ion?
SO4^2-
What is the chemical formula of a nitrate ion?
NO3^-
What is the chemical formula of a carbonate ion?
CO3^2-
What is the chemical formula of an ammonium ion?
NH4^+
What is the chemical formula of a hydroxide ion?
OH-
What is the chemical formula of a phosphate ion?
PO4^3-
What is the charge of a compound?
A compound’s net/total charge should always add up to zero. Hence, all ions that make up the compound should have charges that add up to zero to ensure it is balanced.
What does the prefix (bigger number before the compound/element) at the front of a compound/element represent?
It represents the number of moles of the entire compound/element.
Eg. 4HCl –> there are 4 moles of the entire hydrogen chloride compound.
What does the suffix (smaller number on the right of some elements in a compound) represent?
It represents the number of moles of the element that is in 1 mole of compound.
Eg. CaCl2 –> there are 2 moles of chlorine element in every 1 mole of the calcium chloride compound.
Write a balanced equation between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, which produces sodium chloride and water.
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) –> NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Write a balanced equation between iron (III) oxide and carbon, which produces metal iron and carbon dioxide.
2Fe2O3 (s) + 3C (s) –> 4Fe (s) + 3CO2 (g)
Write a balanced equation between nitric acid and magnesium hydroxide, which produces magnesium nitrate and water.
4HNO3 (aq) + 2Mg(OH)2 (aq) –> 2Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + 4H2O (l)
Write a balanced equation between metal calcium and hydrochloric acid, which produces calcium chloride and hydrogen gas.
Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq) –> CaCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Write a balanced equation between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide, which produces potassium sulfate and water.
H2SO4 (aq) + 2KOH (aq) –> K2SO4 + 2H2O (l)
Write a balanced equation between propane (C3H8) and oxygen gas, which produces carbon dioxide and water.
C3H8 (aq) + 5O2 (g) –> 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)
