Chemical Examination Flashcards
What do we need to ensure when we run QC in regards to reagent strips?
Negative control readings must be negative
Positive control must agree within + or - one color block
Ran every 24 hrs
What is the major regulator of the acid base content in the body?
Kidneys
What should the pH of freshly excreted urine NOT exceed?
8.5
What is the most indicative test of renal disease?
Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation (SSA)
< 10mg/dL or 100mg/24 hrs is the normal protein content in urine
What can cause Proteinuria?
Increased serum protein levels by people with Multiple Myeloma
What temperature does Bence Jones coagulate and dissolve at?
Coagulate: 40C - 60C
Dissolve: >= 100C
What would we diagnose a patient with if we see that they have true renal disease that is associated with proteinuria?
Renal Proteinuria
Tubular Proteinuria is associated with damage to the tubules affecting reabsorption. What are the causes of tubular dysfunction?
Exposure to toxic substances
Exposure to heavy metals
Sever viral infection
What is the most frequently preformed chemical analysis on urine?
The Glucose Test (Clinitest)
Renal Threshold: 160mg/dL - 180mg/dL
What is used as major screening tests for Diabetes Mellitus?
Screening of blood and urine glucose levels
What is a reducing agent and NOT a confirmatory test for glucose?
Copper Reduction Method (Clinitest)
Screening test for Galactosemia in newborns
What are the three products of fat metabolism represented by ketones?
Acetone (2%)
Acetoacetic acid (20%)
B-hydroxybutyrate (78%)
What does the reagent strip measure in regards to ketones?
Acetoacetic Acid
Acetone and B-hydroxybutyrate are produced from Acetoacetic Acid
What are the forms blood can be present in the urine?
Intact RBCs (Hematuria)
RBC destruction (Hemoglobinuria)
A patient is seen and has renal calculi, glomerular diseases, tumors, trauma, and pyelonephritis. What are these symptoms characteristic of?
Pathologic causes of Hematuria
What do we use to confirm the presence of bilirubin in the urine?
Ictotest
Confirmatory test
Where do we see increased urine urobilinogen?
Liver disease
Hemolytic Disorders
What is a rapid screening test for the presence of UTIs?
Nitrite
Detected by the Griess reaction
When testing reagent strips for specific gravity, what is the reaction based on?
Change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte in an alkaline medium
Bromothymol blue to detect change in pH
Color change from blue (1.000, alkaline) to green and yellow (1.030, acid)
