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Chemistry Exam Revision > Chemical Equilibrium Systems > Flashcards

Chemical Equilibrium Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Bronstead-Lowry’s Theory

A

Any reaction in which hydrogen ions are transferred from one species to another is an acid-base reaction. The acid loses the hydrogen ion and the base accepts the hydrogen ion.

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2
Q

Buffer

A

A buffer solution is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base that resists changes in pH when small amounts of strong acid or strong base are added to it.

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3
Q

What are acids?

A

Acids are proton donors (H+)

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4
Q

What are bases?

A

Bases are proton acceptors (H+)

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5
Q

What is a conjugate acid?

A

A particle that’s formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion

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6
Q

What is a conjugate base?

A

A particle that remains when an acid donates a hydrogen ion

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7
Q

What are amphiprotic substances?

A

Substances that donate or accept protons depending on what they are reacting with (they act as acids and bases).

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8
Q

What are amphiprotic substances?

A

Substances that donate or accept protons depending on what they are reacting with (they act as acids and bases).

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9
Q

What are polyprotic acids?

A

Polyprotic acids are acids that can donate more than one proton

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10
Q

What are diprotic acids?

A

Diprotic acids are acids that donate two protons. e.g. sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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11
Q

What are triprotic acids?

A

Triprotic acids are acids that can donate three protons

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12
Q

What are examples of strong acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3)

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13
Q

What are examples of weak acids?

A

Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), carbonic acid (H2CO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

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14
Q

What are examples of strong bases?

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

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15
Q

What are examples of weak bases?

A

Ammonia (NH3)

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16
Q

What will a strong acid do in a solution?

A

A strong acid has the ability to completely dissociate in solution (it will ionise completely)

17
Q

What will a weak acid do in a solution?

A

A weak acid will partially dissociate in solution (e.g. ethanoic acid)

18
Q

What do strong bases do?

A

Strong bases will completely dissociate and accept protons easily

Chemistry Exam Revision (4 decks)

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