Chemical equilibrium Flashcards
What is a dynamic equilibrium
If the forward reaction is at the same rate and the backwards reaction and both processes occur simultaneously (in a reversible reaction )
What are the two requirements a reaction must meet to be at dynamic equilibrium
1) must be reversible
2) must be in a closed system
What is a closed system
One there is no exchange of matter, only exchange of energy
When does the equilibrium position move to the right
When an acid (H+) is added
When does the equilibrium move to the left
When an alkali (OH) is added
What are the four factors that affect the position of equilibrium of a reaction mixture
1) Conc. of a component
2) Pressure of the system
3) Temperature of the system
4) addition of catalyst
What happens if we increase the concentration of one of the reactants in a system in equilibrium
What will be the change of the equilibrium position
Rate of forward reaction will increase and more products will form
shift to the Right
What happens if we decrease the concentration of one of the reactants in a system in equilibrium
What will be the change of the equilibrium position
Rate of forward reaction will decrease and less products will form
Shift to the left
What does the effect of pressure on equilibrium position only apply for
Reversible reactions involving gases
What does the pressure of a gaseous mixture depend on
On the number of gas molecules in a given volume
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if the number of moles in the reactant is fewer than the products
Shifts to the right
What is the effect on the equilibrium position if the number of moles in the reactant is more than the products
Shifts to the left
What is the effect of temperature on the equilibrium position
If temperature is increased, it is shifted in the endothermic side
If temperature is decreased, it is shifted in the exothermic side
What is the advantage of adding a catalyst to the beginning of a reaction
It will reduce the time required to establish equilibrium
What is a limitation of qualitative predictions
We assume a lot and sometimes answer may be unclear
