Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards
What is homogeneous equilibrium?
And give an example
Where all the species are the same state
Making Ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen (all gas)
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
Exists in a closed system where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of reactants and products are constant (not necessary equal)
What is the position of equilibrium?
The extent of the reaction (eg amounts of reactants and products)
Where is the position of equilibrium if:
- There are more reactants being made
- There are more products being made
- Lies towards the left (the reactants)
2. Lies towards the right (the products)
What conditions alter the position of equilibrium?
Concentration of either reactants of products
Temperature
Pressure (if gases)
What is le chateliers principle?
States that when a system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a change, the position of equilibrium will shift to minimise the change
How does increasing the concentration of products alter the position of equilibrium?
Position of equilibrium will shift to favour the backwards reaction moving to the left to form more reactants.
How does increasing the concentration of reactants alter the position of equilibrium?
The position of equilibrium will shift to favour the forward reaction moving to the right to form more products.
How does increasing the pressure alter the position of equilibrium?
The position of equilibrium will shift to favour the reaction that produces the least amount of moles this will decrease the overall amount of moles and the pressure
How does decreasing the pressure alter the position of equilibrium?
The position of equilibrium will shift to favour the reaction that produces the most amount of moles.
This will increase the number of moles and therefore pressure.
How does increasing the temperature alter the position of equilibrium?
The position of equilibrium will shift to favour the endothermic reaction.
How does decreasing the temperature alter the position of equilibrium?
The position of equilibrium will shift to favour the exothermic reaction.
How do catalysts affect equilibrium?
They do not alter the position of equilibrium, however will increase the rate at which equilibrium is reached
Describe the ideal conditions for the haber process:
- Low temperature as would favour the forward exothermic reaction
- High pressure as would favour the forward reaction as less moles of gas on product side
What are the actual conditions of the haber process?
- 450 degrees as if temperature is too low the reaction would be too slow
- 200 atmospheres as if too high it would be too expensive and dangerous
An IRON CATALYST IS ALSO USED
