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Revision > Chemical equations - Science Revision > Flashcards

Chemical equations - Science Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reactants of a chemical equation?

A

The substances at the start of a chemical reaction which react with each other .

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2
Q

What are the products of a chemical equation?

A

The substances formed by the chemical reaction.

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3
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

It states that the total mass of the reactants is the same as the total mass of the products.

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4
Q

How do you balance chemical equations?

A

Ensure there are equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

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5
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

A reaction that combines simpler substances to form a new compound.

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6
Q

What is the basic equation for a synthesis reaction?

A

A + B —> AB

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7
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

A reaction that breaks down a compound into simpler substances.

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8
Q

What is the basic equation for a decomoposition reaction?

A

AB —> A + B

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9
Q

What is the basic equation for a neutralisation reaction?

A

Acid + Base —> water + (metal) salt

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10
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal reaction?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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11
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal oxide reaction?

A

Metal salt + water

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12
Q

What are the products of an acid + metal carbonate reaction?

A

Metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

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13
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

An insoluble solid formed between 2 ionic solutions.

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14
Q

What is the solubility rule in reference to precipitation reactions?

A

If a product is insoluble, it will be precipitated out and be the precipitate.

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15
Q

What are the 2 precipitation reactions?

A

Single displacement reaction and Double displacement reaction.

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16
Q

What is a single displacement reaction?

A

When 1 reactant changes partners during the reaction.

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17
Q

What is the basic equation for a single displacement reaction?

A

AB + C —> AC + B

18
Q

What is a double displacement reaction?

A

When 2 reactants change partners during a reaction.

19
Q

What is the basic equation for a double displacement reaction?

A

AB(aq) +CD(aq) —> AD(s) + CB(aq)

20
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

When an element reacts with oxygen.

21
Q

What are the products of a metal + oxygen reaction?

A

Metal oxide

22
Q

What is an example of a non-metal and oxygen reaction?

A

2H(g) + 02(g) —> 2H20(g)

23
Q

What are the combustion reactions of hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Hydrocarbon + limited oxygen —> carbon monoxide + water

24
Q

What are examples of hydrocarbons?

A

Methane, ethane, propane, octane and diesel

25
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain molecule produced by joining small molecules called monomers together through polymerisation.

26
Q

What are the 3 types of structures of a polymer?

A

Linear Polymers, Elastomers and Cross Linked polymers.

27
Q

What are linear polymers?

A

Polymers in the form of long chains.

28
Q

What are elastomers?

A

Polymers in the form of long chains that are connected every now and then with a small chain of atoms.

29
Q

What are cross linked polymers?

A

Polymers of giant covalent lattices.

30
Q

What are thermoplastic polymers?

A

Polymers that soften when heated gently and can be bent into a new shape.

31
Q

What are thermosetting polymers?

A

Polymers that do not melt or change shape when heated.

32
Q

What is a reaction rate?

A

How fast or slow a reaction occurs.

33
Q

What is the collision theory?

A

For chemical reactions to occur, the atoms must collide with enough energy for the reaction to occur.

34
Q

How do you increase the reaction rate?

A

You need to increase the number of collisions occurring.

35
Q

How does increasing the surface area increase the reaction rate?

A

Breaking one of the reactants into smaller pieces allows more area for the collisions to occur.

36
Q

How does increasing the concentration increase the reaction rate?

A

In a concentrated solution - there are more reactant particles.

37
Q

How does increasing the temperature increase the reaction rate?

A

Particles in a hot temperature have more kinetic energy that causes the particles to collide more and at a faster speed.

38
Q

How does stirring and mixing increase the reaction rate?

A

It removes the products of the reaction and replaces them with more particles of the reactants.

39
Q

What are the states and symbols in a chemical reaction?

A

Gas = g
Liquid = l
Solid = s
Aqueous = aq

40
Q

What does aqueous mean?

A

It dissolves in water

41
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable that stands alone and isn’t affected by other variables.

42
Q

What is a dependant variable?

A

The variable being measured or tested - that changes because of the independent variable.

Revision (7 decks)

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