Chemical Equations

Question 0

Chemical equations

Answer 0

Letters-> symbols
Words -> formulas
Sentences -> equations

Question 1

Acids

Answer 1

HCl- hydrochloric acid 
H(NO3)- nitric acid 
H(C2 H3 O2)- acetic acid 
H2 ( SO4) - sulfuric acid 
H2 (CO3) - carbonic acid 
H3 (PO4) - phospharic acid

Question 2

Reactants

Answer 2

• Starting substances
• On the left
• (+)

Question 3

Products

Answer 3

• ending substances “NEW”
• on the right
• (+)

Question 4

Arrows indicate?

Answer 4

• the direction the reaction proceeds

- Read as: yields

Question 5

Equilibrium reaction arrow type?

Answer 5

split

->
<-

• ** not the exact same as in notes one part of the arrow head will not be there
• **for top arrow it will miss the bottom
• ***for bottom arrow it will miss the top

Question 6

Physical states of REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS

Answer 6

(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aquauous—–IONS DISSOLVED IN WATER
(cr) crystalline

Question 7

Example of physical state symbols affects

Answer 7

NaCl (s) —-salt

NaCl (aq) —-salt water

Question 8

Gas formed symbol

Answer 8

**escape

Up arrow

Question 9

Percipitate formed arrow

Answer 9

** solid that is no longer soluble

Down facing arrow

Question 10

Word equations

Answer 10

Sodium metal plus chlorine gas react to produce sodium chloride

Question 11

Skeleton equation

Answer 11

Na(s) + Cl 2(g) -> NaCl(s)

Question 12

Reason for balancing equations

Answer 12

Law of conservation- matter cannot be created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction

of reactant atoms = # product atoms

**balance using coefficients

Question 13

Translation of word equations

Answer 13

1. Symbols
2. Oxidation
3. Add subscripts to balance charges
4. Check for diatomic elements
5. Balance with coefficients
6. Make sure coefficients are in lowest terms

Question 14

Chemical reaction

Answer 14

The process by which atoms of one or more beginning substances (reactants) combine, break apart, or rearrange to form NEW substances (products)

Question 15

Why classify?

Answer 15

1. To organzas the chemical reactions that occurs in daily life and in laboratories
2. Knowing the type of reaction helps to reveal patterns
3. Help to predict products in a new experiment

** some categories for types of reactions can overlap

Question 16

Synthesis reaction

Answer 16

Aka direct combination or direct composition

• two or more reactants combine to form ONE PRODUCT
• general form: A + B-> AB

Question 17

Specific types of synthesis

Answer 17

A) 2 elements
B) 2 compounds
C) 1 element and 1 compound

Question 18

Decomposition

Answer 18

• ONE REACTANT (starting with) breaks down to TWO OR MORE PRODUCTS
  ***requires energy
  AB-> A+ B

Question 19

Decomposition arrows

Answer 19

Energy is heat: arrow with triangle above it….decomposition/ thermally decomp.

Energy is electricity: arrow with squiggly over it…….electrolysis

Energy with catalyst: arrow with letters of what the catalyst is

Question 20

Catalyst

Answer 20

Speeds up the rate of reaction
Provides initial activation energy
**but does NOT become a product so you will only write the catalyst above the arrow

Question 21

Specific types of decomp

Answer 21

Named by the poly atomic ion in reactant

**what is being broken apart

Question 22

Single replacement

Answer 22

Aka displacement
- one element and one compound as reactants -> ONE NEW ELEMENT and ONE NEW COMPOUND

AB + C -> AC +B

Question 23

Specific types of single replacement

Answer 23

Named for element that gets replaced

Metal replacement: check activity series pg

Hydrogen replacement: end up with h2 alone on product side

Halogen: a negative element is taking place of another negative or its product has a diatomic element alone

Question 24

Double replacement

Answer 24

• 2 compounds as reactants rearrange to form 2 NEW compounds as products

AB+CD -> AD + BC

Question 25

Specific types of double replacement

Answer 25

Based on what new product is

Neutralization–forms water

Precipitate- down arrow, solid product formed that is INSOLIBLE

Gas- up arrow, last option/ process of elimation

Question 26

Combustion reaction

Answer 26

A reactant (usually hydrocarbon) burns in OXYGEN to form carbon dioxide and water