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Chemical equations Flashcards

1
Q

Haber Process

A

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) –>2NH3 (g)

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2
Q

Negative electrode of a lithium ion cell

A

Li –> Li+ + e-

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3
Q

Positive electrode of a lithium ion cell

A

Li+ + e- + CoO2 –> Li+[CoO2]-

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4
Q

Negative electrode of an alkaline hydrogen fuel cell

A

H2 (g) + 2OH- (aq) —> 2H2O (l) + 2e-

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5
Q

Positive electrode of an alkaline hydrogen fuel cell

A

O2 (g) + H2O (l) + 4e- —> 4OH- (aq)

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6
Q

Overall equation for hydrogen fuel cell

A

H2 (g) + 0.5 O2 (g) –> H2O (g)

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7
Q

Phosphorus (V) oxide and water

A

P4O10 + 6H2O –> 4H3PO4

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8
Q

Phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

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9
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

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10
Q

Group 2 metal and water

A

M (s) + 2H2O (l) –> M(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

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11
Q

Magnesium and steam

A

Mg + H2O (g) –> MgO (s) + H2O

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12
Q

Barium chloride and sulfate ions

A

BaCl2 + SO4(2-) –> BaSO4 + 2Cl-

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13
Q

Extraction of titanium from titanium chloride using magnesium

A

2Mg + TiCl4 –> 2MgCl2 + Ti

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14
Q

CaO to remove flue gases (SO2) (CaO is made into a paste)

A

CaO + SO2 –> CaSO3 (s)

with water

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15
Q

CaCO3 to remove flue gases (SO2)

A

CaCO3 + SO2 –> CaSO3 + CO2

with water

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16
Q

Chlorine displacing bromide

A

Cl2 + 2KBr –> Br2 + 2KCl

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17
Q

Fluoride ions and sulphuric acid

A

NaF + H2SO4 –> NaHSO4 + HF

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18
Q

Chloride ions and sulphuric acid

A

NaCl + H2SO4 –> NaHSO4 + HCl

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19
Q

Bromide ions and sulfuric acid

A

NaBr + H2SO4 –> NaHSO4 + HBr

2HBr + H2SO4 –> Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O

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20
Q

Iodide ions and sulfuric acid

A

NaI + H2SO4 –> NaHSO4 + HI

2HI + H2SO4 –> I2 + SO2 + 2H2O

6HI + SO2 –> H2S + 3I2 + 2H2O

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21
Q

Halides and AgNO3

A

Ag+ + X- —> AgX (s)

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22
Q

Chlorine and cold water

A

Cl2 (g) + H2O (l) –> HClO + HCl

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23
Q

Chlorine and water in the presence of UV light

A

2Cl2 + 2H2O –> 4HCl + O2

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24
Q

Chlorine and sodium hydroxide to make bleach

A

2NaOH + Cl2 –> NaClO + H2O + NaCl

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25
Overall reaction between solid sodium bromide and conc. sulfuric acid
2NaBr+2H2SO4 →Na2SO4 +Br2 +SO2 +2H2O
26
SO2 and water
SO2 (g) + H2O --> H2SO3 (sulphurous acid)
27
SO3 and water
SO3 (l) + H2O --> H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
28
SiO2 and NaOH
SiO2 (s) + 2NaOH --> Na2SiO3 + H2O
29
P4O10 and NaOH
P4O10 (s) + 12 NaOH --> 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O
30
SO2 and NaOH
SO2 (g) + 2NaOH --> Na2SO3 + H2O
31
SO3 and NaOH
SO3 (g) + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + H2O
32
Al2O3 acting as a base (reacting with H2SO4)
Al2O3 (s) + 3H2SO4 --> Al2 (SO4)3 + 3H2O
33
Al2O3 acting as an acid (reacting with NaOH and water)
Al2O3 (s) + 2NaOH + 3H2O --> 2Na Al (OH)4
34
Overall reaction of Contact Process
2SO2 + O2 --> 2SO3 V2 O5 catalyst
35
Intermediate reactions of Contact Process
V2O5 + SO2 --> V2O4 + SO3 V2O4 + 1/2 O2 --> V2O5
36
Overall reaction between S2O8 (2-) and I -
S2O8 (2-) + 2I- --> I2 + 2SO4 (2-) Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ catalyst
37
Intermediate reactions between S2O8 (2-) and I -
S2O8 (2-) + 2Fe 2+ --> 2SO4 (2-) + 2Fe 3+ 2Fe 3+ + 2I- --> 2Fe 2+ + I2 can happen in any order hence why both Fe2+ and Fe3+ can be used
38
Overall reaction between MnO4- and C2O4 (2-)
2MnO4- + 5C2O4 (2-) + 16H+ --> 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O
39
Intermediate reactions for reaction of MnO4- with C2O4 (2-) with Mn2+ as an autocatalyst
4Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ --> 5Mn3+ + 4H2O 2Mn3+ + C2O4 (2-) --> 2CO2 + 2Mn2+
40
Ammonia and water
NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ +OH–
41
Ozone depletion using chlorine radical
Cl* + O3 ---> O2 + ClO* ClO* + O3 ---> 2O2 + Cl*
42
chlorine radical and methane
Cl* + CH4 ---> *CH3 + HCl *CH3 + Cl2 ---> CH3Cl + Cl*
43
Fermentation to make ethanol
C6 H12 O6 —> 2 C2 H5 OH + 2CO2 (yeast catalyst)
44
Ethanol production from hydration of ethene
C2H4 + H2O ⇌ C2H5OH
45
Show that fermentation is carbon neutral
Glucose comes from photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose is fermented to form ethanol: C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Ethanol is combusted (used as a biofuel): 2C2H5OH + 6O2 —> 4CO2 + 6H2O ∴ 6CO2 in and 6CO2 out
46
Fehling's solution
Cu 2+ —> Cu + blue solution to brick red ppt
47
Tollen's reagent
Ag+ —> Ag
48
Oxidation of a primary alcohol
1° alcohol + [O] —> aldehyde + H2O aldehyde + [O] —> carboxylic acid + H2O
49
Oxidation of secondary alcohol
2° alcohol + [O] —> ketone + H2O
50
Reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols
RCHO + 2[H] ---> RCH2OH NaBH4 - reducing agent
51
Reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols
RCOR' + 2[H] ---> RCH(OH)R' NaBH4 - reducing agent
52
Aldehyde and KCN
RCHO (aq) + KCN (aq) ---> RCH(OH)CN (aq) + K+ (aq) (also with H+ (aq) ) product - hydroxynitrile
53
Ketone and KCN
RCOR' (aq) + KCN (aq) ---> RC(OH)R'CN (aq) + K+ (aq) (also with H+ (aq) ) product - hydroxynitrile
54
Carboxylic acid and alcohol (name of reaction)
Esterification or condensation carbox. acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water (H+, reflux)
55
Acid hydrolysis of esters
ester + water ⇌ carboxylic acid + alcohol (H+) esters are not completely hydrolysed, an eqm. is set up
56
Alkaline hydrolysis of esters
ester + base(aq) ---> carboxylate salt + alcohol
57
Production of veg. oils and fats
glycerol + 3 fatty acids ---> triglyceride + 3H2O fatty acids are long chain carboxylic acids
58
Saponification
fat + 3NaOH ---> glycerol + 3 sodium salts (soap)
59
Production of biodiesel (mixture of methyl esters)
triglyceride + 3 methanol ---> mixture of methyl esters (3) + glycerol
60
Acyl chloride and alcohol
acyl chloride + alcohol ---> ester + HCl
61
Acid anhydrides and alcohol
acid anydride + alcohol ---> ester + carboxylic acid
62
Acyl chloride and water
acyl chloride + water ---> carboxylic acid + HCl
63
Acid anhydrides and water
acid anhydride + water ---> 2 carboxylic acids
64
Acyl chloride and ammonia
acyl chloride + ammonia ---> amide + HCl HCl and excess ammonia can further react to make ammonium salt (NH4Cl)
65
Acid anhydride and ammonia
acid anhydride + ammonia ---> amide + carboxylic acid (Carboxylic acid and ammonia can further react to make ammonium salt)
66
Acyl chloride and primary amine
acyl chloride + primary amine ---> n-sub. amide + HCl
67
Acid anhydride and primary amine
acid anhydride + primary amine ---> n-sub. amide + carboxylic acid (carboxylic acid will then react with the excess amine to produce a salt)
68
AlCl3 and RCOCl - Friedel-Crafts Acylation
R-COCl + AlCl3 ---> R-C(+)O + AlCl4- AlCl4- + H+ ---> HCl + AlCl3 makes a reactive intermediate
69
Conc. sulfuric and nitric acid in nitration (making an electrophile)
HNO3 + H2SO4 ---> H2NO3+ + HSO4- HNO3+ ---> NO2 + + H2O NO2 + = electrophile
70
Nucleophilic substitution reaction equation for halogenooalkanes and ammonia
halogenoalkane + 2 ammonia —> primary amine + ammonium salt
71
Nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction between acyl chlorides and amines
acyl chlorides + amines —> N-sub. amides + HCl
72
Nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction between acid anhydrides and amines
acid anhydride + amine —> N-sub. amide + carboxylic acid

Chemistry (10 decks)

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