Chemical Element Flashcards
uses of sulphur
*manufacture H2SO4 through the contact process. *used to manufacture gunpowder, matches, and vulcanizer
what state of matter is chlorine at room temperature
gaseous
what state of matter is bromine at room temperature
liquid
what state of matter is iodine at room temperature
solid
describe the preparation of chlorine
Oxidation of HCL with either KMNO4 or MnO2
describe chlorine gas
A greenish yellow gas which is poisonous
describe bromine liquid
a dark red liquid with unpleasant poisonous vapour
describe solid iodine
a dark shiny solid which can produce vapour on heating
describe the solubility of the halides
chlorine and bromine are moderately soluble in H2O whilst iodine is sparingly soluble…however they are all well soluble in organic solvents
describe Br and I reactions with hydrocarbons
Br reacts with hydrocarbons whilst I shows little reaction with hydrocarbons
uses of Chlorine
*Used in manufacture of tetrachloromethane *used to manufacture polyvinyl chloride(pvc)-a form of plastic *used to manufacture comping like DDT. *very good bleaching agent *used a safe disenfrctant in treating water
uses of bromine
*used to manufacture 1,2-dibromoethane *used to produce silver bromide which is useful in photographic films
uses of iodine
used to manufacture of silver iodide which b is b useful in photographic films *also used in making iodoform(CHI3) *also used in colour photography
what are the three isotopes of hydrogen
Proton , deutrium, and tritium
how is hydrogen gas prepared
*REACTING Na metal with cold water (2Na +2H2O》2 NaOH +H2. *reaction of carbon with water…i.e C+H2O 》CO + H2 and also CO+H2O》CO2+H2. * also reaction of NaH with H2O (NaH+H2O》NaOH+H2)
what are the allotropes of hydrogen
Parahydrogen (speed directed towers opposite paths) *and Orthohydrogen (speed directed towards equal paths.
uses of hydrogen
*to fill baloons. *in welding using oxyhydrogen flame. *production of margarine through hydrogenation.
in which forms does Phosphorus exist??
Apatite and Rockphosphate
how is phosphorus prepared
by heating rockphosphate
what are the allotropes of phosphorus
Red phosphate. white phosphate and black phosphate
similarities of N and P.
have the same group but different periods *both gain three electrons in their ionic bond. *usually form covalent compounds
how is nitrogen prepared
*by heating ammonium nitrate to produce nitrogen gas. *reacting NH3 with CuO. (2NH3+3CuO》N2+3H2O+3Cu
what percentage of Oxygen occurs in the air on an average..and why
21% …due to the cycle of photosynthesis
how is oxygen prepared
by reducing Ag2O or Pb2O, also chromium
