Chemical Components And Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the 5 chemically important bonds?
Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bands, van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions.
How are single carbon bonds different to double carbon bonds?
Double bonds are shorter and more rigid.
What is an amphipathic molecule?
A molecule which is part hydrophobic, part hydrophilic - e.g. Membrane phospholipids.
What are polysaccharides formed from?
Sugars
What are fats formed from?
Carbon with other groups attached
What are nucleus acids formed from?
Nucleotide based
What are proteins formed from?
Amino acids
Why are glucose, galactose and mannose isomers?
They all have the chemical formula C6H12O6
Which bond forms a disaccharide?
A glycosidic bond
What are oligosaccarides?
More complex polysaccharides.
What is the purpose of glycoproteins?
Prevent blood cells sticking together, cell communication, cell identity
Which part of a fatty acid is hydrophobic? Which part hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic = hydrocarbon tail.
Hydrophilic = carboxylate acid head.
How are fatty acids metabolised to generate energy?
Broken down during beta oxidation to acetyl Co-A, which can be further metabolised in the TCA cycle.
Which molecules forms cell membranes?
Phospholipids in the phospholipid bilayer.
What roles do proteins in the phospholipid bilayer have?
Transporters, messengers, receptors, enzymes.
What are the functions of nucleotides?
Form nucleus acids, source of chemical energy in their easily hydrolysed phosphoanhydride bonds, combine with other groups to form coenzymes, signalling molecule in the cell.
What is a zwitterion?
An amino acid with no overall net charge, but has parts that are both positive and negative within it.
Which bond joins amino acids?
Peptide bonds.
What causes primary protein structure?
Amino acid sequence with covalent bonds
What causes secondary protein structure?
Alpha helix or beta sheet, with hydrogen bonds.
What causes tertiary protein structure?
3D structure of protein hydrophobic bonds.
What causes quarternary structure?
Multi protein complex.
