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S2 Chemical Changes > Chemical changes and acids and bases. > Flashcards

Chemical changes and acids and bases. Flashcards

1
Q

Iron can no longer be separated from sulfur after they are mixed and heated in a test tube until the mixture glows red.
(a) What name is given to substances like iron and sulfur, which contain only one type of atom?
(b) Why can the iron not be separated from the sulfur after heating?

A

(a) Elements.

(b) as chemical bonds have been formed.

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2
Q

Name the elements present in the following compounds?
(a) Calcium chloride
(b) potassium bromide
(c) magnesium sulfate

A

(a) Calcium and Chlorine

(b) Potassium and Bromine

(c) Magnesium sulfur and oxygen

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3
Q

Mr Murray took this really thin piece of copper and put it in a gas jar that contained chlorine gas. When the copper was put in the gas jar it shrivelled up.
Then it went on fire. When it stopped there was a yellow substance in the jar.

Give two pieces of evidence from which suggest that a chemical reaction had taken place.

A

(a) It went on fire suggesting an energy change(exothermic as energy is given off).
A colour change: copper is an orangey brown colour and at the end of the reaction a yellow substance could be seen

(b) Copper chloride

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4
Q

When magnesium reacts with oxygen it releases energy in the form of a bright light and a white solid is formed.
Write the word equation for this reaction.

A

Magnesium –> Magnesium
+ oxygen oxide

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5
Q

chemical or physical?

making toast

A

Chemical

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6
Q

Explain

Why small sticks of wood burn faster than logs.

A

The small sticks have a smaller size and when there is a smaller particle size the reaction takes place faster.

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7
Q

Explain
Why food is preserved longer when stored in a fridge.

A

When the temperature is cold the reaction rate will be slower therefore when in the fridge the food will be preserved and will keep for longer.

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8
Q

Explain
Why when bellows are used to blow air on to a fire, the fire burns brighter.

A

You are blowing extra oxygen into the fire so you are increasing the concentration of oxygen, which means a faster rate of reaction.

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9
Q

Explain
Why mince cooks quicker than a huge joint of beef.

A

The mince is a smaller particle size which means it will be a faster rate of reaction and will cook faster than a huge joint of food.

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10
Q

chemical or physical?
dissolving salt in water

A

Physical

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11
Q

chemical or physical?
boiling water

A

Physical

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12
Q

chemical or physical?
milk turning sour (going bad)

A

Chemical

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13
Q

What is meant by the pH of a solution?

A

The pH of a solution tells you if it acidic, alkaline or neutral.

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14
Q

What is the pH range of an acid?

A

Below 7

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15
Q

What is the pH range of an alkali

A

Above 7

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16
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution.

A

7

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17
Q

Name a laboratory acid that we use in class.

A

Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid or Nitric acid.

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18
Q

Name a laboratory alkali that we use in class.

A

Sodium hydroxide.

19
Q

What is meant by a neutralistion reaction.

A

Its a reaction where you can add the correct amount of acid to an alkali and you reach neutral point a pH of 7.
Alternatively you can add the correct amount of an alkali to an acid.

20
Q

The following substance was dissolved in water;
sulfur dioxide.
Would it form an acid or and alkali?

A

Acid as it is a soluble non metal oxide.

21
Q

The following substance was dissolved in water;
calcium oxide.
Would it form an acid or and alkali?

A

Alkali as it is a soluble metal oxide.

22
Q

The following substance was dissolved in water;
lithium oxide.
Would it form an acid or and alkali?

A

Alkali as it is a soluble metal oxide.

23
Q

The following substance was dissolved in water;
carbon dioxide
Would it form an acid or and alkali?

A

Acid as it is a soluble non metal oxide.

24
Q

The following substance was didn’t dissolve in water;
Copper oxide
Would it form an acid or and alkali?

A

Neither as it is an insoluble metal oxide that does not affect the pH

25
Q

Some battery acid (sulfuric acid) is spilt on the garage floor. Water can be added to dilute the battery acid before it is wiped up or sodium hydroxide can be added to neutralise the battery acid.
What happens to the pH of the battery acid when water is added?

A

It Increases towards 7

26
Q

What is the name of the salt that would be formed if the battery acid (sulfuric acid) were treated with sodium hydroxide?

A

Sodium Sulfate.

27
Q

Name three bases that can neutralise an acid.

A

Metal hydroxide, Metal oxide and a Metal carbonate.

28
Q

What are the products formed if you react Hydrochloric acid with Sodium hydroxide

A

Sodium Chloride plus water.

29
Q

What are the products formed if you react Sulfuric acid with Aluminium oxide

A

Aluminium sulfate plus water.

30
Q

What are the products formed if you react Nitric acid with Copper carbonate

A

Copper Nitrate plus water plus carbon dioxide.

31
Q

What is the definition of an element.

A

An element is made up of only one type of atom.

32
Q

What is the definition of a compound.

A

A compound is formed when 2 or more different types of atom are chemically joined together.

33
Q

What is the definition of a mixture

A

A mixture is made up of 2 or more atoms that are not chemically joined.

34
Q

Can you draw examples of an element?

A
35
Q

Can you draw examples of a compound?

A
36
Q

Can you draw examples of a mixture?

A
37
Q

When you dilute an alkali what happens to the pH

A

It decreases towards 7.

38
Q

Name the compound formed in the reaction when copper reacts with Chlorine

A

Copper Chloride

39
Q

Name the product formed when Aluminium reacts with nitrogen and oxygen.

A

Aluminium Nitrate or Aluminium Nitrite.

40
Q

What elements are present in Calcium carbonate?

A

Calcium, carbon and oxygen.

41
Q

What elements are present in Silver phosphate?

A

Silver, Phosphorous and Oxygen

42
Q

When a compound ends with ‘ide’ how many elements are present?

A

Two.

43
Q

When a compound ends with ‘ite’ or ‘ate’ how many elements are present?

A

Three

44
Q
A

S2 Chemical Changes (1 decks)

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