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Chemistry Daisy > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

Neutralisation

A

A reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water

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2
Q

Acid

A

A substance with a pH of less than 7

The higher the concentration if the ion, the more acidic a substance is

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3
Q

Base

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water

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4
Q

Alkali

A

A base that is soluble in water

The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the higher the pH

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5
Q

What are the indicators of pH?

A

Litmus - red - acidic purple - neutral blue- alkaline
Methyl orange/red -acidic yellow- neutral and alkaline
Phenolphthalein - colourless- acidic+ neutral pink- alkaline

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6
Q

Acid ionising

A

All acids can ionise in a solution - split into H+ ions and other ion

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7
Q

Strong acids

A

Completely dissociate in water
Completely ionise in water
They have a low pH of 0-2

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8
Q

Weak acids

A

Only partially dissociate in water
Do not fully ionise
pH is around 6

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9
Q

What is ionisation of a weak acid!

A

A reversible reaction - sets up an equilibrium

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10
Q

Concentrated

A

An acid with a large number of acid molecules compared to the volume of water
How many particles are dissolved in a given volume of liquid

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11
Q

Dilute

A

A small number of acid molecules compared to the volume of water

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12
Q

If a concentration of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10…

A

The pH decreases by 1

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13
Q

If the H+ concentration increases by a factor of 100…

A

The pH decreases by 2

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14
Q

Acid + metal oxide

A
  • salt and water
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15
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide

A

Salt + water

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16
Q

Acid + metal

A

Salt + hydrogen

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17
Q

Acid + metal carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

18
Q

Soluble rules in water

A

Chlorides
Sulfates
Nitrates
Sodium, potassium, ammonium hydroxide, carbonate

19
Q

Insoluble in water rules

A

Silver,lead chloride
Lead, barium, calcium sulfate
Most carbonates
Most hydroxides

20
Q

How do you make insoluble salts

A

Add two soluble salts to make insoluble salt

21
Q

The more H+ ions an acid has…

A

The lower the pH - 1/2

22
Q

The less H+ ions in an acid…

A

The higher the pH - 4/5

23
Q

Strong acids

A

Sulphuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
nitric acid

24
Q

Weak acid

A

Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Carbonic acid

25
Q

Method for lead nitrate + sodium chloride - lead chloride +sodium nitrate

A

Add lead nitrate to test tube + add deionised water
Add sodium chloride to another tube and water
Mix together - lead chloride should precipitate out
Filter solution - scrape lead chloride onto filter paper

26
Q

How do you make a soluble salt?

A

React an acid with an insoluble salts

27
Q

Making soluble salts method

Sulphuric acid and copper oxide

A

Add base to a liquid
Filter off the excess solid
Evaporate the water
Allow to cool and allow salt to crystallise

28
Q

Titration method

A

Pipette and filler - transfer 25cm of aqueous sodium hydroxide into flask- add drop of phenopeliain - close tap on burette -fill hcl
Record initial burette reading from meniscus
Add hcl to sodium hydroxide - mix gently
Record final burette reading - calculate titre and repeat 3 times

29
Q

Electrolytes

A

A molten or dissolved ionic compound

30
Q

Electrolysis

A

The breaking down of a substance using electricity

An electric current is passed through an electrolyte causing it to decompose

31
Q

Positive ions in electrolysis

A

Cations in the electrolyte move towards the cathode -negative electrode- and are reduced - gain electrons-

32
Q

Negative ions in electrolysis

A

Anions in the electrolyte move towards the anode -positive electrode- are oxidised - lose electrons
This creates a flow of charge through the electrolyte

33
Q

Why can’t an ionic solid not be electrolysed?

A

The ions are in a fixed position and can’t move

34
Q

Why can molten ionic compounds be electrolysed?

A

The ions can move freely and conduct electricity

35
Q

Predicting products of electrolysis- positive metal ions

A

Reduced to metal atoms at the cathode

36
Q

Predicting products of electrolysis - negative metal ions

A

Oxidised to atoms at the cathode

37
Q

MASH

A

Metal + Acid — Salt + hydrogen

38
Q

BASHO

A

Base + Acid — Salt + Water

39
Q

CASHOCO

A

Carbonate + Acid — water+ carbon dioxide

40
Q

Examples of base

A

Any metal followed by oxide or hydroxide

Chemistry Daisy (6 decks)

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