chemical changes

Question 1

what is a spectator ion?

Answer 1

the ion which isn’t affected, this is purposely left out when writing half equations

Question 2

what is oxidation?

Answer 2

when oxygen is added, leading to the loss of electrons

Question 3

what is reduction?

Answer 3

when oxygen is removed, leading to a gain in electrons

Question 4

what is a redox reaction?

Answer 4

where reduction and oxidation occurs in the same equation at the same time

Question 5

what is an ore?

Answer 5

a rock containing enough metal viable to extract

Question 6

how do we extract metals from ores?

Answer 6

if the metal is less reactive the carbon, then we can extract it by using carbon (react it with carbon, redox, displacement reaction), but if more reactive than carbon we use electrolysis

Question 7

REMEMBER BAWS AND MASH

Answer 7

base + acid -> salt + water, metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

Question 8

what is an anion and cation?

Answer 8

an anion is a negatively charged ion which is attracted to the positively charged anode, a cation is a positively charged ion which is attracted to the negatively charged cathode. (PANIC - and they go in pairs AA and CC)

Question 9

key info :

Answer 9

metal ions are always positively charged - cations

Question 10

what happens to the differently charged ions at the electrodes?

Answer 10

negatively charged anions go to the positively charged anode and get oxidised, positively charged cations go to the negatively charged cathode and get reduced. *what happens matches the charge of the ion. +=gained

Question 11

how can you remember the reactivity series?

Answer 11

please stop loudly calling my cat a zebra, I think lions can suck gorilla’s penises.

Question 12

what is the reactivity series

Answer 12

potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, aluminium, zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper, silver, gold, platinum.

Question 13

does an acidic solution contain more or less hydrogen ions

Answer 13

more ( ph1 has x10 power of 1 more than ph2 and x10 power of 2 more than ph3)

Question 14

what is meant by the concentration of an acid?

Answer 14

the number of mole of acid dissolved in a set volume

Question 15

determine strong acid

Answer 15

an acid where most or all hydrogen ion have fully dissociated, ph will be lower

Question 16

determine weak acid

Answer 16

part, not many or no hydrogen ions have dissociated, ph will be higher