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Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When a substance gains oxygen

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2
Q

What is reduction?

A

When a substance loses oxygen

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3
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound

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4
Q

How are unreactive metals found on Earth?

A

In their natural state

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5
Q

How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?

A

Reduction with carbon. Carbon displaces the metal in a metal oxide

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6
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

By electrolysis

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7
Q

How is oxidation defined in terms of electron transfer?

A

loss of electrons

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8
Q

How is reduction defined in terms of electron transfer?

A

gain of electrons

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9
Q

What is the general equation for a reaction between metals and
acids?

A

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Redox reactions are reactions where both oxidation and reduction are taking place

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11
Q

Which metals in the reactivity series will react with acid?

A

Those above hydrogen

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12
Q

How is a soluble salt formed?

A

1) React the excess acid with some insoluble chemical (e.g. metal oxide)
2) Filter off the leftovers
3) Crystallise the product

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13
Q

What are bases?

A

Bases are compounds that neutralize acids

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14
Q

What are alkailis?

A

alkalis are soluble bases - produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

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15
Q

What are acids?

A

acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

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16
Q

What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

17
Q

What do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

18
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The measure of acidity/alkalinity of a solution

19
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

A strong acid is completely ionized in aqueous solution

20
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

A weak acid is only partially ionized in aqueous solution

21
Q

What happens to pH as the concentration of H+ increases?

A

The pH decreases

22
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

Concentrated acid has lots of moles of acid per unit

23
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

Dilute acid has a few moles of acid per unit

24
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The passing of an electric current through ionic substances that are molten or in solution to break them down into elements

25
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

The liquid/solution that conducts electricity

26
Q

What is a cathode?

A

The cathode is the negative electrode

27
Q

What is an anode?

A

The anode is the positive electrode

28
Q

What occurs at the cathode and what occurs at the anode during electrolysis?

A

Reduction occurs at the cathode
Oxidation occurs at the anode

29
Q

Why is the manufacturing of aluminum expensive?

A

Lots of energy is needed to produce the current in electrolysis which makes this process expensive.

30
Q

What are the half equations in the extraction of aluminum?

A

Al^3+ + 3 e^− → Al (cathode)
2O^2− → O2 + 4e− (anode)

31
Q

Why is cryolite used in the electrolysis of aluminum?

A

It lowers the melting point of aluminum oxide, reducing energy costs

32
Q

What are the different reactions with acids?

A

MASH
BAWS
CAWSC

33
Q

What is MASH?

A

metal + acid → salt + hyrdrogen

34
Q

What is BAWS?

A

base + acid → + water + salt

35
Q

What is CAWSC

A

carbonate + acid → water + salt + CO2

Chemistry (4 decks)

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