chemical changes Flashcards
what is the definition of ores
a rock that contains a lot of a metal to make it economical
what does oxidisation mean
a reaction where oxygen has been added to a substance AND electrons have been lost
what does reduction mean
a reaction where oxygen is removed AND electrons are gained
what does OIL RIG stand for
oxidation is lost reduction is gain
what is the order of the reactivity series
- potassium
- sodium
- lithium
- calcium
- magnesium
- aluminium
- carbon
- zinc
- iron
- tin
- lead
- hydrogen
- copper
- silver
- gold
what does
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stand for
- potassium
- sodium
- lithium
- calcium
- magnesium
- aluminium
- carbon
- zinc
- iron
- tin
- lead
- hydrogen
- copper
- silver
- gold
finish this equation
water + metal → ?
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
finish this equation
metal + dilute acid → ?
metal salt + hydrogen gas
how can you tell that hydrogen gas has been produced
the gas gives off a squeaky pop with a lighted splint
what is the definition of a displacement reaction
a reaction where a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound or in a solution
in half equations for a oxidised element would the electron be on the left side or the right side
right side
e.g Fe+ Cu 2+ →Fe ^2 +Cu
iron is oxidised
Fe → Fe 2+ +2e-
in half equations for a reduced element would the electron be on the left side or the right side
left side
e.g Fe+ Cu 2+ →Fe ^2 +Cu
copper is reduced
Cu2+ +2e- → Cu
where do ores come from
the ground they are mined
whether a metal is worth being mined depends on 3 things
- how easy it is to extract
- how much metal the ore contains
- the changing demands for the metal
what does it mean when a metal is in its native state
it is in its purest state
what is an example of an element that is in its native state
gold and silver
what element is usually used to extract metals from ore
copper
finish this equation
metal oxide + carbon →
metal +carbon dioxide
what does tungsten’s ore react with to become pure
hydrogen
what is the definition for salt
a compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal or ammonium ions
finish this equation
metal + acid →?
a salt + hydrogen
for a metal to react with a salt what element must they be above in the periodic table
hydrogen
to gain a pure version of a slat during a salt and metal reaction what process must be done
crystallisation
when a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid what will be the name of the salt
metal chloride
when a metal reacts with sulphuric acid what will be the name of the salt
metal sulphide
when a metal reacts with nitric acid what will be the name of the salt
metal nitrate
what type of reaction is between a salt and a metal
a redox reaction (reduction and oxidisation)
finish this equation
acid+ base → ?
salt +water
what type of reaction is this
acid+ base → salt +water
neutralisation
what types of ions do salts have
positive ions
what type of ions does acids have
negative ions
what are the steps to crystallisation of a copper salt
c5.5
1) put insoluble copper oxide into a sulphuric acid and stir warm the solution gently
2) once the solution has turned blue we can tell a reaction has occurred and the black residue is the excess copper oxide
3) when the reaction is complete filter
