Chemical Bonds and Electronegativity Flashcards
What is an atom?
Smallest unit of matter
What is a molecule?
2 or more atoms
What is a compound?
A bond between 2 or more types of element that bond in a chemical reaction.
What is a chemical bond?
it holds atoms to make molecules
What is an ion?
Charged atoms or molecules. When a chemical bond occurs and one atom gains or loses electrons to the other atom
What is the octet rule?
Tendency of atoms preferring to have eight electrons in their last balance shells
What is and ionic bond?
Ex: Salt (NaCl)
Types of bond that happens between metals and non-metals
What is a covalent bond?
Ex: Ammonia (NH3)
A bond between 2 or more non-metals
What is a metallic bond?
Ex: Iron (Fe)
A bond between metals
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What is a polar covalent bond?
They form when the electronegativity difference between the anion and cation is between 0.4 and 1.8.
Ex: Molecules with polar bonds include water, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia.
What is a non-polar covalent bond?
A type of chemical bond that is formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms equal or less than 0.4. Any bond between two atoms of the same element.
Ex: CH4, a troublesome greenhouse gas; BrCl, an extremely reactive golden gas.
What is electronegativity?
Capacity of an atom attracting electrons.
What are the three types of bonds?
Covalent bond, Ionic bond and Metallic bond
Why does electronegativity decrease as one goes down in the groups?
Because as you go lower, there are more balance shells, and the closer the shells are to the nucleus, the stronger electric attraction is.
If two electrons of different atoms are at the same distance from the nucleus, why does Li has less electrons than Be?
Because Be has more protons than Li.
Reasons of electronegativity?
.Distance of shells
.Proton quantity
Why aren´t noble gases placed in the electronegativity chart?
Because noble gases or inert gases don´t bond. Their las balance shell is complete.
What is the centrifuge force?
Something spinning around something. The protons that attract the electrons on the shells will make the electrons to stay. Centrifuge force and electric attraction counteract with each other. As the number of protons in the nucleus increases, the attraction also increases.
