Chemical bonds

Question 1

What type of bond occurs between a pair of shared valence electrons and is usually formed between nonmetals?

Answer 1

Covalent bond.

Question 2

Chemical bonds are formed between the atoms’ electrons called _____ .

Answer 2

Valence electrons.

Question 3

Why do atoms tend to fill their valence shell by forming bonds with electrons from other atoms and what is the name of the rule that explains this?

Answer 3

Because they are more stable when their valence shell is full with electrons. This rule is called the octet rule.

Footnote: It is called the octet rule because most atoms can have up to eight valence electrons. However, some have less electrons, like hydrogen which can have up to only 2 valence electrons.

Question 4

An oxygen atom has 6 electrons in its valence shell; according to the octet rule, how many electrons does it need to complete its valence shell?

Answer 4

Two electrons.

Footnote: The octet rule states that atoms need to complete eight electrons in their valence shells to be more stable (or acquire the configuration of a noble gas).

Question 5

A sodium atom Na+ (metal) “transfers” an electron to a chlorine atom Cl- (nonmetal) to form Sodium Chloride (salt!) through a/an ____ bond:

Answer 5

Ionic.

Footnote: ionic bonds are formed between oppositely charged ions, usually being a metal transferring electrons to a nonmetal.