chemical bonding - topic 2 test revision Flashcards
what are the 3 different types of chemical bonding
- ionic
- covalent
- metallic
different physical properties
- density (how much matter/unit volume)
- colour and surface texture
- conductivity (heat & electricity)
- state (liquid, solid, gas, ect.)
Define a chemical bond
A mutual attraction between two atoms resulting from a redistribution of their outer electrons. This results in a stable formation of atoms and provides the resulting compound with a unique set of properties.
what structure are ionic compounds formed in
lattice structure
what is ionic bonding
- the force of attraction between a cation (pos) and an anion (neg)
- held together through electrostatic attraction
- results in the transfer of electrons from one of the bonding atoms to the other to produce a full outer shell on each atom
what are the properties of an ionic compound and explain each of them
- high melting point; has high melting point because it has strong ionic bonds throughout the 3d lattice and needs large amounts of energy to break those bonds
- Strong; has strong structure because it has high ionic bonds throughout the lattice
- Brittle; it is brittle because if a certain amount of force is applied it can cause disruption to the lattice. Like ions will repel and the lattice can shatter
- conduct electricity but only in their molten or dissolved state; because there are charged particles that are are ions that move freely
define dissolved
solute breaks up into very small particles surrounded by h20 molecules
define soluble
salt that dissolves in water (soluble salt)
define solvent
substance that does the dissolving
define solute
substance that is dissolved in another substance
define saturated
when no more solute can dissolve
define crytallized
when the solute comes out of solution and small solid crystals form
define solubility
amount of solute that dissolves in a given volume/mass of solvent at a given temperature (35g/100g h20 at 25 degrees)
what is a solubility curve
the standard measure of solubility of a substage at a given temperature is how many grams dissolve in each 100g of solvent to form a saturated solution. this graph shows the results of performing these tests at different temps
what is a saturated solution
saturated solution; contains maximum amount of solute for the volume of a solution at a particular temperature
(on the curve)