Chemical bonding, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds

Question 1

tend to have high melting points (500°C–2000°C) and are good conductors of electricity when they are in a molten (liquid) state or in solution. NET CHARGE MUST BE 0

Answer 1

ionic compounds

Question 2

generally have much lower melting points and tend to be gases, liquids, or low melting-point solids. They do not conduct electricity in the molten state.

Answer 2

molecular compounds

Question 3

do not have molecules as their basic structural unit. Instead, an extended array of positively and negatively charged particles called ions is present.

Answer 3

ionic compounds

Question 4

ionic compounds do not have molecules as their basic structural unit. Instead, an extended array of positively and negatively charged particles called ___ is present.

Answer 4

ions

Question 5

What determines whether the interaction of two elements produces ions (an ionic compound) or molecules (a molecular compound)?

Answer 5

chemical bonds

Question 6

attractive force that holds two atoms together in a more complex unit . form as a result of interactions between electrons found in the combining atoms.

Answer 6

chemical bonds

Question 7

chemical bond formed through the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another atom or group of atoms. ionic compounds are present

Answer 7

ionic bonds

Question 8

chemical bond formed through the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. molecular compound is present

Answer 8

covalent bond

Question 9

the chemical symbol of an element surrounded by dots equal in number to the number of valence electrons present in atoms of the element. (number of valence electron = group number)

Answer 9

lewis symbol

Question 9

Not all electrons in an atom participate in bonding. Those that do are called___. an electron in the outermost electron shell of a representative element or noble-gas element.

Answer 9

valence electron

Question 10

Lewis symbols, named in honor of the American chemist _____ who first introduced them, are also frequently called electron-dot structures.

Answer 10

Gilbert Newton Lewis

Question 11

considered the most stable of all valence electron configurations, loose gain or share to produce noble gas

Answer 11

octet rule

Question 12

does not have outermost s& p subshell completely filled, only 1s2

Answer 12

helium

Question 13

most unreactive of all the elements. They are the only elemental gases found in nature in the form of individual uncombined atoms.

Answer 13

noble gases

Question 14

lose electrons to form cations

Answer 14

metals

Question 15

gain electrons to form anions

Answer 15

nonmetals

Question 16

opposite attract

Answer 16

electrostatic attraction

Question 17

forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as unit

Answer 17

bond

Question 18

form solid crystals at ordinary temp, organize crystal lattice of alternate positive and negative

Answer 18

ionic compound

Question 19

ALL SALTS ARE

Answer 19

ionic compound and form crystal

Question 20

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 20

crystalline solids, high melting and boiling point, excellent conductors and soluble in water

Question 21

metals, cation +

Answer 21

Li, Na, K

Question 22

metals, cation, 2+

Answer 22

Mg, Ca, Ba

Question 23

metals cation 3+

Answer 23

Al

Question 24

nonmetals anion -

Answer 24

F, Cl, Br, I

Question 25

nonmetals anion 2-

Answer 25

O, S

Question 26

nonmetals anion 3-

Answer 26

N, P

Question 27

Involve sharing outer energy level electrons

Answer 27

covalent bonds

Question 28

work by electromagnetic attraction. A positively charged ion is attracted to a negative ion.

Answer 28

ionic bonds

Question 29

work by sharing electrons. They do not have charges, but are hard to separate due to this sharing.

Answer 29

covalent bonds

Question 30

no H

Answer 30

lone pair

Question 31

with H

Answer 31

single pair

Question 32

_____do not form covalent bonds!

Answer 32

alkali and alkaline

Question 33

covalently bonded

Answer 33

halogens, non-metals in group 3,4,5,6

Question 34

single electrons is =

Answer 34

bonds

Question 35

Why do electrons first fill orbitals one at a time before pairing up?

Answer 35

It is because electrons repel each other and want to be as far apart as possible.

Question 36

exception to octet

Answer 36

3 valence electrons or below, so it is impossible to get to eight via covalent bonding

Question 37

can be defined as the attractive forces which hold different constituents (ions, atoms, etc.) together in different chemical species.

Answer 37

chemical bonds

Question 38

When two atoms share one electron pair between each other, then they are said to be bonded by ____ denoted by single dash joining the atoms.

Answer 38

single bond

Question 39

When two atoms share two electron pairs between each other, they are said to be bonded by denoted by double dash joining the atoms. depicted as two parallel lines (=)

Answer 39

double bond

Question 40

When two atoms share three electron pairs with each other, they are said to be bonded by triple covalent bond. Triple bond is denoted by three dashes joining the atoms.

Answer 40

triple bond

Question 41

quadruple bonds?

Answer 41

cannot occur, because the last bond can not bend all the way around

Question 42

-the nuclei of various elements have differing abilities to attract shared electrons (in a bond) to themselves. -Some elements are better electron attractors than other elements. - measure of the relative attraction that an atom has for the shared electrons in a bond.

Answer 42

electronegativity

Question 43

higher the electronegativity value for an element

Answer 43

he greater the attraction of atoms of that element for the shared electrons in bonds.

Question 44

whose contributions to chemical bonding theory earned him a Nobel Prize in chemistry, was the first chemist to develop a numerical scale of electronegativity.

Answer 44

Linus Pauling

Question 45

greater electronegativity (increases)

Answer 45

going to right, going up

Question 46

When two atoms of equal electronegativity share one or more pairs of electrons, each atom exerts the same attraction for the electrons, which results in the electrons being equally shared. SYMMETRICAL. This type of bond is called

Answer 46

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 47

When the two atoms involved in a covalent bond have different electronegativities, the electron-sharing situation is more complex. The atom that has the higher electronegativity attracts the electrons more strongly than the other atom, which results in an unequal sharing of electrons. ASYMMETRICAL. This type of covalent bond is called

Answer 47

polar covalent bond

Question 48

measure of the degree of inequality in the sharing of electrons between two atoms in a chemical bond.

Answer 48

bond polarity

Question 49

to get polarity

Answer 49

get the electronegativity difference (EN= EN(higher) - EN (lower)

Question 50

The greater the numerical difference

Answer 50

the greater the inequality of electron sharing and the greater the polarity of the bond.

Question 51

the existence of bond polarity means that

Answer 51

there is no natural boundary between ionic and covalent bonding. Most bonds are a mixture of pure ionic and pure covalent bonds; that is, unequal sharing of electrons occurs.

Question 52

Bonds that involve atoms with the same or very similar electronegativities are called ___ “Similar” here means an electronegativity difference of 0.4 or less.

Answer 52

nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 53

Bonds with an electronegativity difference greater that 0.4 but less than 1.5 are called

Answer 53

polar covalent bonds

Question 54

Bonds with an electronegativity difference greater than 2.0 are called

Answer 54

ionic bonds

Question 55

Bonds with an electronegativity difference between 1.5 and 2.0 are considered____ if the bond involves a metal and a nonmetal, and polar covalent if the bond involves two nonmetals.

Answer 55

ionic

Question 56

ionic if metal is present and polar covalent when only nonmetals are present

Answer 56

ionic or polar covalent

Question 57

very unequal sharing of electrons (electron transfer)

Answer 57

ionic