Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Nucleus
Has positive protons and neutral neutrons
Electrons
Circle nucleus in shells
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom
Mass number
Number o protons plus neutrons
Compound
When two or more atoms of different elements have a chemical bond joining them together
Octet rule
Atoms will bond together so that each atom attains an electron arrangement with 8 electrons in its outermost shell
Ionic bonding
Happens between metals and non metals
Give away or take an electron to fill their outer shell
Crystal lattice
Forms from ionic bonding
Examples of ionic bonding
Sodium chloride (NaCl) Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Covalent bonding
When both atoms share electrons to get a full outer shell
What happens between positive and negative forces of ion
They attract each other
In ionic bonds positive and negative ions…
Are mixed together
Single covalent bonds
Occurs when atoms share one pair of electrons
Double covalent bonds
Formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons
Ion
Charged atom/charged group of atoms
Elements
Need to react to achieve full outer shells
Ionic compound characteristics
Positive and negative ions Solid at room temp High melting and boiling points Soluble in water Conduct electricity when melted or dissolved
Covalent compound characteristics
Consists of individual molocules Liquid or gas at room temp Low melting and boiling point Insoluble in water Do not conduct electricity
How does a sodium atom change into a sodium ion
On losing an electron sodium becomes positively charged
It is now a sodium ion
How does a chlorine atom change into a chlorine ion
On gaining an electron, chlorine atom changes Into a negatively charged ion
